Victoria Oakley explains how technology, AI copyright and streaming fraud are reshaping the business of music and changing how artists create, distribute and earn.Streaming has transformed the global music industry. Listeners can discover songs from almost anywhere, artists can reach fans across borders and record labels can build new revenue streams through subscriptions, digital distribution, online concerts and direct fan engagement.But the same technology is also creating new risks.What happens when generative AI companies train music models on copyrighted songs without permission? Who gets paid when bots create millions of fake streams? And are Spotify, YouTube and other streaming platforms doing enough to protect artists and their royalties?In this episode of The Media Room, Vanita Kohli-Khandekar speaks with Victoria Oakley, Chief Executive Officer of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, or IFPI. It represents more than 8,000 record labels globally, from independent companies to Universal Music, Sony Music and Warner Music.Oakley explains how technology is changing the music business through subscription streaming, global distribution, digital fan experiences and new ways for artists to monetise their work. She also argues that record labels remain central because every platform still depends on original music and human creativity.The conversation examines one of the biggest debates in music today. Should AI companies be allowed to train their models on copyrighted music without consent or payment?Oakley argues that companies using songs to train generative AI systems should seek permission, enter licensing agreements and pay the artists and rights holders whose work makes those models possible. She also explains why fully AI-generated music without meaningful human creativity or properly licensed training data should not receive the same copyright protection as music created by people.Streaming fraud is another major concern.Fake streams, bots, click farms and streaming farms can artificially increase the number of plays a track receives. Fraudsters can then claim a larger share of the royalty pool even when no real audience has listened to the music. This diverts money away from genuine artists.Oakley discusses why streaming fraud is difficult to detect and why Spotify, YouTube, music distributors and other digital streaming platforms need stronger safeguards, better verification and greater cooperation.The episode also looks at the future of India’s music industry. India has a vast audience, a growing creator economy and globally recognised musicians, but much of its music consumption still happens through free, advertising-supported streaming rather than paid subscriptions.Can India become one of the world’s largest paid music markets? Can technology help Indian artists reach global audiences? And can the music industry embrace AI and innovation without weakening copyright, creativity and artist income?Watch the full conversation to understand how technology is shaping the business of music and how AI copyright, streaming fraud, music licensing, artist royalties and paid streaming could define its next phase.Subscribe to The Core for conversations on business, media, markets, technology and the global economy.#MusicBusiness #AICopyright #StreamingFraudChapters(00:00) Introduction: Inside the Global Music Business(00:46) What IFPI Does & How Record Labels Shape Music(01:47) Is the Music Industry Bigger Than Record Labels?(06:24) Have Streaming Platforms Overtaken Record Labels?(11:15) India's Music Market & The Subscription Opportunity(14:42) AI in Music: Opportunity or Threat?(21:08) Can AI-Generated Music Be Copyrighted?(26:39) Streaming Fraud: The Billion-Dollar Threat(31:09) How Spotify & YouTube Are Fighting Fake Streams(32:08) How Big Is the Streaming Fraud Problem?(36:22) How Streaming Created a Global Music Market(39:04) Final Thoughts