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The two-kilometre blind spot that hid ninety percent of the heat

The two-kilometre blind spot that hid ninety percent of the heat

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A two-kilometre blind spot in the ocean swallowed humanity’s excess heat; instruments left the deep unreadable. What was hiding two kilometres down?

The two-kilometre blind spot that hid ninety percent of the heat

In this episode, we lay out how scientists measured atmosphere, land and ice yet found less than ten percent of the heat humans added to the Earth system, and how the missing ninety percent was stored in the ocean. We follow the measurement challenges, the ocean’s layered physics, and the steps that led researchers to confront a vast, hidden heat reservoir - what questions did that reveal?

Person: human civilization (heat source)
Period: 1971-2018 (initial anomaly)
Location: ocean (primarily below 700 metres)
Event: deployment of thousands of autonomous instruments
Topic: ocean heat content and measurement gaps

- Early measurement networks sampled surface and coastal zones but left vast ocean regions and depths sparsely observed.
- Natural variability-El Niño, La Niña, volcanic cooling-masked long-term heat accumulation in sparse time series.
- The ocean’s layered structure concentrated heat into the thermocline and deep ocean, where mixing is slow and residence times are long.
- By 2020 roughly one third of added ocean heat had penetrated below 700 metres, following well-known circulation and mixing processes.
- Solving the blind spot required scaling autonomous observations to thousands of floats and a new approach to mapping heat in the upper two thousand metres.

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