The ledger that called her "Anarcha Westcott" erased her name
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The ledger that called her "Anarcha Westcott" erased her name
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The ledger that called her "Anarcha Westcott" erased her name
In this episode, we follow the documented trail of one enslaved woman whose body became central to a surgical breakthrough and whose identity splinters across records. What do the surviving ledgers, hospital registers, and census entries actually tell us about who she was and what happened to her?
Person: J. Marion Sims
Person: William Lewis Maury
Event: Thirty operations for vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula
Date: December 21, 1856 (hospital admission)
Location: Montgomery, Alabama; New York City; King George County, Virginia
- A child appears in Sims’s writings first as an assistant during a bloodletting, recorded as “a little mulatto girl,” not by name.
- Census and death records suggest she was closer to thirteen at the labor that caused her fistulas, though Sims later recorded her age as about seventeen.
- Sims operated thirty times on her across years in Alabama, using opium for analgesia while ether and chloroform were not used on these women.
- Sims published the surgical technique in January 1852 without naming her; subsequent medical literature described the procedure, not the patient.
- An 1856 hospital register lists her as property of William Lewis Maury and records her admission for fistula repair and discharge as cured, after which she disappears from the documented record.
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