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Can a nation modernize and reclaim its independence when powerful foreign empires are determined to keep it within their grasp? Between 1920 and 1941, Iran's attempt to forge its own future collides with the ambitions of Britain, the Soviet Union, and the upheaval of World War II.

Reza Pahlavi rises to power as Reza Shah, founding the Pahlavi dynasty and launching an ambitious campaign to transform Iran, inspired in part by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's modernization of Turkey. But strengthening his country proves difficult when foreign powers continue to exert pressure over its future. As World War II reshapes the region, Reza Shah's perceived sympathies toward Germany contribute to his downfall. In 1941, British and Soviet forces invade Iran, forcing him to abdicate in favor of his teenage son, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. A new Shah takes the throne, but Iran's struggle for sovereignty is far from over.

For a more immersive experience while you listen, visit our image gallery for this series at https://www.usofamnesia.com/blog/image-gallery-for-the-us-and-iran-what-went-wrong/.

Sharon Bibee joins us in this episode. For more from Sharon, read her column, "Redacted No More," in which she explores history, politics, travel, culture, and whatever else sparks her curiosity. You can find it on Substack at https://sharonbibee.substack.com/.