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  • Venezuela 1983: The Day the Bolivar Died and a Nation Lost Its Way

    Venezuela 1983: The Day the Bolivar Died and a Nation Lost Its Way
    2026/07/22
    February 18, 1983 — 'Viernes Negro' or Black Friday. On that day, Venezuela's currency, the bolivar, collapsed after decades of artificial stability. Lucas and Luna walk through the prelude: the oil boom of the 1970s, President Luis Herrera Campins's disastrous 'Viernes Negro' decision to float the currency, the RECADI corruption scandal, and the IMF agreement that followed. They explore the human cost — the sudden evaporation of middle-class savings, the rise of a black market, and the psychological shock that still echoes in Venezuelan memory. Along the way, they contrast the early 1980s with the earlier 'Sowing the Oil' era covered in prior episodes, and ask whether Venezuela's fate was sealed not by Chávez or Maduro but by that single Friday in 1983. This is the story of how oil wealth turned into a curse, and how a nation that once felt like the 'Saudi Arabia of Latin America' began its long slide. #ViernesNegro #BlackFriday1983 #Venezuela #OilCrisis #RECADI #LuisHerreraCampins #BolivarCollapse #IMF #OilBoom #DebtCrisis #Devaluation #VenezuelanEconomy #LatinAmerica #1980s #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast #SouthAmerica Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • Venezuela 1813: Bolívar's Admirable Campaign and the War to the Death

    Venezuela 1813: Bolívar's Admirable Campaign and the War to the Death
    2026/07/21
    In 1813, Simón Bolívar launched one of the most audacious military campaigns in South American history. After the fall of the First Republic, he fled to New Granada, where he secured support from the independent government of Cartagena. With a small army of fewer than a thousand men, he crossed the Andes, defeated royalist forces in six battles, and liberated Caracas in just five months. But the campaign was marred by Bolívar's infamous Decree of War to the Death, which ordered the execution of all Spanish prisoners and Venezuelan royalists. This brutal policy aimed to terrorize the enemy but also set a bloody precedent that would haunt the independence struggle. This episode examines Bolívar's strategic genius, the key battles of Niquitao, Los Horcones, and Taguanes, and the moral complexities of a war without quarter. We also explore the role of the llaneros, the fury of the royalist commander José Tomás Boves, and how the Admirable Campaign sowed the seeds for the tragic Second Republic. #Venezuela #SimónBolívar #AdmirableCampaign #WarToTheDeath #Independence #NewGranada #Cartagena #LosHorcones #Niquitao #Taguanes #Boves #Llaneros #DecreeOfWarToTheDeath #1813 #SouthAmerica #History #FexingoHistory #MilitaryHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • Venezuela 1992: The Coups That Almost Toppled a Democracy

    Venezuela 1992: The Coups That Almost Toppled a Democracy
    2026/07/21
    In 1992, Venezuela experienced not one but two coup attempts that shook the foundations of its democratic system. Lucas and Luna explore the February 4th coup led by Hugo Chávez, a lieutenant colonel whose failed rebellion made him a national figure, and the November 27th attempt by air force and navy officers. They discuss the social and economic context—the Caracazo of 1989, austerity measures, and the collapse of the Punto Fijo system—and trace how Chávez's capture and subsequent imprisonment transformed him into a political martyr. The episode examines the role of key figures like Francisco Arias Cárdenas, the Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario 200, and the government of Carlos Andrés Pérez. It reveals how a military uprising that failed militarily succeeded politically, setting the stage for Chávez's electoral victory six years later. #Venezuela #1992Coup #HugoChávez #Caracazo #PuntoFijo #CarlosAndrésPérez #FranciscoAriasCárdenas #MovimientoBolivariano #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #MilitaryCoup #Democracy #ColdWar #OilPolitics #History #Podcast #LatinAmerica #1990s Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • Venezuela 1908-1935: Gómez and the Oil-Fed Dictatorship

    Venezuela 1908-1935: Gómez and the Oil-Fed Dictatorship
    2026/07/20
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the early oil era in Venezuela under the iron-fisted rule of Juan Vicente Gómez. They discuss how the dictator modernized the country using petroleum revenue while crushing dissent, the infamous La Rotunda prison, the role of the Caribbean Petroleum Company, and the foundational inefficiencies that would haunt Venezuela for decades. The conversation touches on the transition from coffee to oil, the 1922 Reventón at Los Barrosos 2, and the nascent labor movements that were brutally suppressed. This is the story of how oil built a state and shackled a people. #Venezuela #JuanVicenteGómez #OilHistory #LaRotunda #CaribbeanPetroleum #LosBarrosos2 #1922Reventón #MeneGrande #Maracaibo #Zulia #Dictatorship #Petroleum #LagoDeMaracaibo #VenezuelanHistory #FexingoHistory #LatinAmerica #SouthAmerica #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • Venezuela 1937: The Plot of the Apristas and the Exile of a Generation

    Venezuela 1937: The Plot of the Apristas and the Exile of a Generation
    2026/07/20
    In 1937, Venezuela was two years into the post-Gómez era, and President Eleazar López Contreras faced a challenge from the left that he would meet with swift repression. This episode dives into the 'Complot de los Apristas' — a plan by exiled Venezuelan activists in Mexico, allied with the Mexican Partido Revolucionario Institucional and inspired by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre's APRA movement, to infiltrate the country and spark a rebellion. Lucas and Luna trace the web of conspirators: Rómulo Betancourt, the Partido Democrático Nacional, the student leaders of the Generación del 28, and the mysterious arrival of a ship called the 'Falcon'. They explore the ideological cross-pollination between Venezuela's left and the broader Latin American anti-imperialist movements of the 1930s, the government's brutal crackdown — including the closure of the PDN and the exile of over forty opposition figures to Cuba — and how this failure pushed Betancourt and his allies toward a longer, more patient strategy that would eventually culminate in the 1945 coup. The episode also reflects on the personal costs: broken families, clandestine cells, and the shaping of a political generation that would dominate Venezuela for decades. #Venezuela #ComplotAprista #EleazarLópezContreras #RómuloBetancourt #GeneraciónDel28 #PartidoDemocráticoNacional #APRA #HayaDeLaTorre #México #1937 #Exile #OilPolitics #LatinAmericanHistory #ColdWarOrigins #Repression #PDN #FalconExpedition #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • Venezuela 1827: Bolívar's Last Speech and the Fracture of Gran Colombia

    Venezuela 1827: Bolívar's Last Speech and the Fracture of Gran Colombia
    2026/07/19
    In 1827, Simón Bolívar returned to Caracas for the first time since leading the independence struggle. His speech to the Constituent Congress of Gran Colombia was a plea for unity, but the cracks were already showing. This episode explores Bolívar's final visit to Venezuela, the political tensions between centralists and federalists, the economic strain of maintaining a war-ravaged confederation, and the prescient warnings he issued about caudillismo and fragmentation. We look at the Congress of Cúcuta, the Bogotá centralists led by Francisco de Paula Santander, the Venezuelan separatists like José Antonio Páez, and the fiscal chaos that doomed Gran Colombia. Bolívar's address on January 1, 1827, at the Teatro Principal (now Teatro Teresa Carreño) is examined as a turning point—a moment when the Liberator saw his dream slipping away. The episode also touches on the Quito uprising of 1826, the Peruvian campaign, and the diplomatic maneuvers that attempted to hold the union together. For listeners who know the battles of Boyacá and Carabobo, this is the quieter, more tragic next chapter: the political unraveling of independence. #Venezuela #SimónBolívar #GranColombia #1827 #Caracas #Caudillismo #FranciscoDePaulaSantander #JoséAntonioPáez #CongressOfCúcuta #Independence #LatinAmericanHistory #Federalism #Centralism #TeatroPrincipal #History #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #19thCentury Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    8 分
  • Venezuela 1810: The April 19 Revolution That Started It All

    Venezuela 1810: The April 19 Revolution That Started It All
    2026/07/19
    On April 19, 1810, a group of Caracas aristocrats, backed by a crowd in the Plaza Mayor, deposed the Spanish captain general and formed a junta that claimed to rule in Fernando VII's name. But within months, that junta was issuing declarations of human rights, abolishing the slave trade, and sending ambassadors to London and Washington. This episode walks through the single day that ignited Venezuela's independence — the meeting at the Cabildo, the role of the mantuanos, the undercurrent of popular pressure, and the figure of Vicente Emparan, the captain general who asked the crowd if they wanted him to govern. His famous walk to the church and back sealed the fate of Spanish rule. We also look at the broader context: the French invasion of Spain, the vacuum of legitimacy, and how the events in Caracas echoed juntas across Latin America. This is the pivot point — not yet war, but the moment the old order cracked open. #Venezuela #History #Independence #April19 #1810 #CapitaniaGeneral #Caracas #Cabildo #VicenteEmparan #Mantuanos #JuntaSuprema #FernandoVII #SpanishEmpire #LatinAmerica #Revolution #FexingoHistory #Podcast #SouthAmerica Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分
  • Venezuela 1948: The Coup That Crushed a Democracy

    Venezuela 1948: The Coup That Crushed a Democracy
    2026/07/18
    In 1948, Venezuela's brief democratic experiment — the three-year Trienio Adeco under President Rómulo Gallegos — was violently cut short by a military coup. This episode follows the rise of Acción Democrática after the 1945 revolution, the presidency of the famous novelist Gallegos, and the tensions that led to the golpe. Lucas and Luna explore the key figures: Rómulo Betancourt, Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, and the young Rafael Caldera. They discuss the writing of the progressive 1947 constitution, the oil policies that frightened foreign companies, and the internal divisions that weakened AD. The coup on November 24, 1948, installed a military junta that would lead to the decade-long dictatorship of Pérez Jiménez. This is a story of promise betrayed, and a turning point that shaped Venezuela's turbulent 20th century. #Venezuela #1948Coup #RómuloGallegos #AcciónDemocrática #TrienioAdeco #1947Constitution #CarlosDelgadoChalbaud #MarcosPérezJiménez #RómuloBetancourt #RafaelCaldera #OilPolitics #LatinAmericanHistory #ColdWar #MilitaryCoup #Democracy #FexingoHistory #SouthAmerica #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分