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  • The First Filipina: Gabriela Silang and the Ilocano Revolt

    The First Filipina: Gabriela Silang and the Ilocano Revolt
    2026/06/06
    In 1763, as British forces occupied Manila, a young Ilocana widow named Gabriela Silang picked up her husband Diego's rebellion and led thousands of fighters through the mountains of northern Luzon. This episode traces her journey from a quiet life in Vigan to commanding an army, forging alliances with the Igorot, and becoming the first Filipina to lead a major revolt against Spanish rule. We explore how the Bourbon Reforms, the galleon trade's decline, and the British invasion created the conditions for rebellion, and how Gabriela's brief but fierce campaign ended in her public execution. Yet her legacy endured: a symbol of women's leadership in Philippine history, a figure in the nationalist imagination, and a reminder that colonial resistance took many forms. Along the way, we touch on the principalía class, the role of the mestizo de sangley, and the rugged terrain of the Ilocos coast. #GabrielaSilang #IlocanoRevolt #PhilippineHistory #PhilippineRevolution #DiegoSilang #Vigan #IlocosSur #SpanishColonial #BourbonReforms #Principalia #MestizoDeSangley #Igorot #WomenInHistory #ColonialResistance #1760s #Luzon #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The Galleon Trade's End: Global Crises and Philippine Shifts

    The Galleon Trade's End: Global Crises and Philippine Shifts
    2026/06/05
    The end of the Manila Galleon trade in 1815 was not a quiet footnote but a seismic economic and social shift that reshaped the Philippines. This episode explores how the termination of the silver-for-silk route, driven by Latin American independence wars and Spanish bankruptcy, devastated Manila's Chinese mestizo merchant class, forced a reorientation toward cash crops like sugar and hemp, and accelerated the rise of the ilustrado elite. We examine the 1810 Cádiz Reforms, the Real Compañía de Filipinas, and the crisis of the situado. Lucas and Luna uncover how this global disruption, combined with the loss of Mexico as a colonial partner, pushed the Philippines from a trade entrepôt to an agricultural colony, setting the stage for the economic tensions that would simmer into the 19th century. Key figures include Governor José Basco y Vargas, the Bourbon Reforms, and the early ilustrado thinkers who began questioning colonial ties. #ManilaGalleon #GalleonTrade #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #1815 #BourbonReforms #RealCompañíaDeFilipinas #CádizReforms #Ilustrado #CashCrops #SugarHemp #ChineseMestizos #LatinAmericanIndependence #Situado #JoséBascoYVargas #GlobalTrade #ColonialCrisis #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain

    The Basi Revolt of 1807: Ilocano Wine Rebellion Against Spain
    2026/06/05
    In 1807, the Ilocano town of Piddig erupted in rebellion against the Spanish colonial government's monopoly on basi, a sugarcane wine that was central to Ilocano social and ritual life. This episode tells the story of the Basi Revolt, led by Pedro Mateo and Maria Salome, who mobilized thousands of peasants armed with bolos and bamboo spears. We explore the economic pressures of the estanco de basi, the cultural significance of the wine, the brutal Spanish retaliation, and the legacy of resistance in the Ilocos region. Drawing on primary sources from Spanish archives and Ilocano oral traditions, we examine how a drink became a symbol of defiance. We also touch on the connections to other revolts, like the earlier Daragang Magayon revolt and the later Tobacco Monopoly uprisings. This episode offers a window into the everyday lives of Filipinos under colonial rule and the small acts of resistance that shaped national identity. #BasiRevolt #Ilocos #PedroMateo #MariaSalome #Piddig #EstancoDeBasi #SpanishColonialPhilippines #PhilippineRevolts #SugarcaneWine #IlocanoCulture #1807 #FexingoHistory #PhilippineHistory #SoutheastAsianHistory #Resistance #ColonialExploitation #History #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    10 分
  • The Fall of Manila 1762: British Occupation and Filipino Resistance

    The Fall of Manila 1762: British Occupation and Filipino Resistance
    2026/06/04
    In October 1762, British forces from Madras landed near Manila and captured the Spanish capital in just ten days. But the conquest didn't extend beyond the city walls. This episode explores the British occupation of Manila from 1762 to 1764, a little-known chapter that exposed Spanish weaknesses and triggered uprisings like the Silang revolt in Ilocos and the Palaris revolt in Pangasinan. We discuss how Archbishop Rojo surrendered, how the Real Audiencia operated in exile in Bacolor, and how the British failed to collect the ransom they demanded. The Spanish governor-general had died in the bombardment, leaving a vacuum that the British tried to exploit by offering trade concessions to Chinese mestizos and indios. But Filipino resistance, led by figures like Diego Silang and Juan de la Cruz Palaris, kept British control confined to Manila and Cavite. We also look at the long-term consequences: the British burned the fortifications, withdrew after the Treaty of Paris, and left Spain bankrupt and humiliated. This occupation planted seeds of Filipino self-reliance and contributed to the Bourbon reforms that followed. Special attention to the siege of the walled city Intramuros, the role of the Philippine-born soldiers, and the unlikely alliance between British and Filipino rebels. #BritishOccupationOfManila #SilangRevolt #PalarisRevolt #Intramuros #RealAudiencia #DiegoSilang #JuanDeLaPalaris #ArchbishopRojo #Bacolor #Cavite #TreatyOfParis1763 #BourbonReforms #18thCentury #PhilippineHistory #ColonialWarfare #SoutheastAsianHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Manila Galleon: Silver, Silk, and the Making of a Global Trade

    The Manila Galleon: Silver, Silk, and the Making of a Global Trade
    2026/06/04
    For 250 years, the Manila Galleon was the lifeline of the Spanish Philippines — and one of the most extraordinary trade routes in history. This episode follows the annual voyage of the galleons from Manila to Acapulco, carrying Chinese silk, porcelain, and spices, and returning laden with Mexican silver. Lucas and Luna explore the brutal conditions for crew and passengers, the role of the galleon in forging a global economy, and its profound impact on Philippine society — from the rise of Chinese mestizo merchants to the cultural blending that shaped modern Filipino identity. They discuss the infamous tornaviaje, the construction and defense of the galleons, and the legacy of this early globalization. Specific figures include Governor-General Juan Niño de Tabora and navigator Andrés de Urdaneta, who discovered the return route. The episode also touches on the local shipbuilders and carpenters who built these massive vessels in the forests of Bicol and Cavite. #ManilaGalleon #AcapulcoTrade #SilverTrade #ChineseSilk #AndresDeUrdaneta #Tornaviaje #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #GlobalTrade #GalleonTrade #Sangley #Mestizos #Cavite #Bicol #PacificTrade #ColonialPhilippines #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The Tobacco Monopoly and the 1760s Cagayan Revolt of Dabo and Marayac

    The Tobacco Monopoly and the 1760s Cagayan Revolt of Dabo and Marayac
    2026/06/03
    Episode 76 of The History of the Philippines: Empires, Colonization, and Identity takes us deep into the Cagayan Valley during the 1760s, when the Spanish tobacco monopoly — the estanco de tabaco — sparked a violent uprising led by two indigenous leaders: Dabo and Marayac. We explore how the monopoly forced farmers to sell their entire crop to the government at fixed prices, leaving families destitute and fueling resistance among the Gaddang and Ibanag peoples. The revolt, centered in the towns of Tuao and Piat, was brutally suppressed by Spanish forces, but its legacy shaped later rebellions like the Basi Revolt. We also examine the role of the alcalde mayor and the Guardia Civil in enforcing the monopoly, and how the rebellion exposed the cracks in Spanish colonial control. This episode builds on earlier discussions of the tobacco monopoly but focuses on a specific, lesser-known uprising that reveals the human cost of imperial policy. #TobaccoMonopoly #EstancoDeTabaco #CagayanValley #DaboAndMarayac #Gaddang #Ibanag #PhilippineHistory #SpanishColonial #Revolt #1760s #Tuao #Piat #GuardiaCivil #AlcaldeMayor #BasiRevolt #IndigenousResistance #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • The 1763 Death March: Palaris and the Pangasinan Revolt

    The 1763 Death March: Palaris and the Pangasinan Revolt
    2026/06/03
    In 1763, while the British occupied Manila, a revolt erupted in Pangasinan led by a man named Juan de la Cruz Palaris. This episode delves into the forgotten Pangasinan Revolt—its causes in the oppressive tribute system and forced labor, the charismatic leadership of Palaris, the bloody siege of Lingayen, and the brutal Spanish reprisal that followed. We explore how the revolt was fueled by the disruption of the British invasion and the simmering anger of the principalía and commoners alike. Lucas and Luna discuss the revolt's suppression, the execution of Palaris, and its legacy in the broader context of Philippine resistance against Spanish rule. Why did this revolt fail where others succeeded? And how did Spanish authorities use the revolt to tighten their grip on the provinces? Tune in for a deep dive into a pivotal but often-overlooked uprising. #PangasinanRevolt #Palaris #JuanDeLaCruzPalaris #1763 #BritishOccupationManila #SpanishColonialPhilippines #TributeSystem #PoloYServicios #Principalia #Indios #Lingayen #Pangasinan #PhilippineHistory #ColonialResistance #SoutheastAsianHistory #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #PhilippineRevolts Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • The Principalía: Indigenous Elite Under Spanish Rule in the Philippines

    The Principalía: Indigenous Elite Under Spanish Rule in the Philippines
    2026/06/02
    In this episode of The History of the Philippines, Lucas and Luna examine the principalía—the indigenous elite who governed villages under Spanish colonial rule. They explore how traditional datus and warriors transformed into gobernadorcillos and cabezas de barangay, navigating Spanish law while preserving local influence. The conversation delves into the Maura Law of 1893, which sought to reform local governance, and the rise of the ilustrado class, including José Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar. The episode highlights the tensions between collaboration and resistance, the role of mestizos de sangley, and the lasting impact of the principalía on Philippine society and the nationalist movement. Lucas draws on primary sources like the tribute lists and the Libro de los Mestizos de Sangley to illustrate how this elite class both upheld and adapted Spanish rule. Listeners will gain insight into a key but often overlooked layer of colonial history that shaped the country's path to independence. #Principalía #Gobernadorcillo #CabezaDeBarangay #MauraLaw #Ilustrado #JoséRizal #MarceloHDelPilar #MestizosDeSangley #SpanishPhilippines #ColonialElite #PhilippineHistory #PrecolonialDatu #Babaylan #PoloYServicios #TributeList #LibroDeLosMestizos #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    13 分