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  • Queen Tamar: Georgia's Golden Age Monarch

    Queen Tamar: Georgia's Golden Age Monarch
    2026/05/20
    Lucas and Luna explore the reign of Queen Tamar, who led Georgia to its medieval golden age in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. They discuss her controversial accession as a female ruler, her military campaigns against the Seljuks and neighboring powers, and her patronage of culture, including the epic poem 'The Knight in the Panther's Skin'. The episode also covers her diplomatic marriages, the Battle of Shamkor, and the enduring legacy of Tamar as a symbol of Georgian unity and strength. Listeners will learn about the Bagrationi dynasty, the role of the Church, and how Tamar navigated the politics of the Caucasus and Anatolia. #QueenTamar #Georgia #MedievalGeorgia #GoldenAge #Bagrationi #KnightInThePanthersSkin #ShotaRustaveli #BattleOfShamkor #Seljuks #Caucasus #12thCentury #13thCentury #FemaleRuler #GeorgianHistory #MedievalHistory #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    5 分
  • Georgia's David the Builder and the Golden Age Foundation

    Georgia's David the Builder and the Golden Age Foundation
    2026/05/20
    This episode of The History of Georgia: Kingdoms Between Great Powers explores the transformative reign of King David IV, known as David the Builder, in the 12th century. Lucas and Luna discuss how David unified Georgian lands after centuries of foreign domination, his military reforms including the integration of Kipchak mercenaries, and the pivotal Battle of Didgori in 1121 where he crushed a Seljuk coalition. They delve into David's cultural policies, such as sponsoring the Gelati Academy and founding the first Georgian chronicle, 'Kartlis Tskhovreba.' The episode also covers his controversial decision to abolish the patriarchate in Mtskheta, the construction of churches and fortresses, and how his achievements laid the groundwork for Queen Tamar's Golden Age. Specifics include David's campaigns to reclaim Tbilisi in 1122, his diplomatic maneuvers with the Byzantine Empire and the Crusader states, and the enduring legacy of his reforms in law and education. Listeners will gain insight into Georgia's medieval resurgence and the foundations of its national identity. #DavidTheBuilder #BattleOfDidgori #GeorgianGoldenAge #KipchakMercenaries #GelatiAcademy #MedievalGeorgia #Tbilisi #KingDavidIV #KartlisTskhovreba #SeljukEmpire #CaucasusHistory #GeorgianOrthodox #12thCentury #Mtskheta #BagrationiDynasty #CaucasusPeaks #JvariMonastery #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • Georgia's King Erekle II and the 1795 Persian Invasion

    Georgia's King Erekle II and the 1795 Persian Invasion
    2026/05/19
    In this episode of The History of Georgia: Kingdoms Between Great Powers, Lucas and Luna explore the dramatic reign of King Erekle II (Heraclius II) of Kartli-Kakheti, focusing on the catastrophic Persian invasion of Tbilisi in 1795. They discuss Erekle's bold alliance with Russia through the Treaty of Georgievsk (1783), which provoked the Qajar ruler Agha Mohammad Khan to march on Georgia. The hosts vividly recount the Battle of Krtsanisi, where Erekle's outnumbered forces fought desperately to defend the capital. They detail the aftermath: the sack of Tbilisi, the massacre of its inhabitants, and the enslavement of thousands. Lucas and Luna also examine Erekle's earlier achievements, including his attempts to modernize the kingdom and his legacy as a unifier. The episode concludes with reflections on how the 1795 invasion reshaped Georgia's geopolitical strategy and paved the way for eventual Russian annexation. Key figures like Agha Mohammad Khan, Erekle's son King George XII, and the Russian general Ivan Gudovich are discussed, along with sites such as the Krtsanisi battlefield, the Narikala fortress, and the Sioni Cathedral. #ErekleII #HeracliusII #AghaMohammadKhan #Qajar #TreatyOfGeorgievsk #BattleOfKrtsanisi #1795Invasion #TbilisiSack #KartliKakheti #GeorgiaHistory #Caucasus #RussianEmpire #PersianEmpire #18thCentury #WarAndDiplomacy #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The 1992 War in Abkhazia: Georgia's Separatist Tragedy

    The 1992 War in Abkhazia: Georgia's Separatist Tragedy
    2026/05/19
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the 1992-1993 War in Abkhazia, a brutal conflict that erupted after Georgia's independence from the Soviet Union. They discuss the roots of Abkhaz separatism, the role of Russian-backed North Caucasian and Cossack volunteers, the key battle for the Abkhaz capital Sokhumi, and the ethnic cleansing that followed. Lucas explains how Eduard Shevardnadze's government struggled against well-armed separatists led by Vladislav Ardzinba, and how the war ended with Georgia's defeat and a de facto independent Abkhazia that remains unrecognized today. The conversation touches on the Sochi Agreement, the UN Security Council resolutions, and the long-term consequences for both Georgians and Abkhaz. It's a sobering account of post-Soviet conflict and unresolved grievances. #Abkhazia #GeorgianCivilWar #EduardShevardnadze #VladislavArdzinba #Sokhumi #ethniccleansing #postSoviet #Russia #NorthCaucasus #Cossacks #UN #SochiAgreement #1992 #1993 #secession #refugees #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    7 分
  • Georgia's 1921 Soviet Invasion: The Fall of the First Republic

    Georgia's 1921 Soviet Invasion: The Fall of the First Republic
    2026/05/18
    In February 1921, the Democratic Republic of Georgia faced a coordinated Soviet invasion from the north and east, marking the end of its three-year independence. This episode follows the final weeks of the republic as Georgian forces, led by General Giorgi Mazniashvili, defended Tbilisi against the Red Army's 11th Army under Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze. We explore the desperate diplomacy, the failed appeal to European powers, the last stand at the Kojori Heights, and the government's exile to Leuville-sur-Orge. Lucas and Luna discuss the role of the People's Guard, the betrayal by local Bolsheviks, and the legacy of the short-lived republic. The episode also touches on the controversial Treaty of Moscow (1921) with Turkey, which ceded Batumi and Ardahan, and the internal divisions that weakened Georgia's defense. Through eyewitness accounts and archival records, we reconstruct a pivotal moment that shaped Georgia's modern identity and its ongoing struggle for sovereignty. #Georgia #History #FexingoHistory #1921Invasion #SovietUnion #DemocraticRepublicOfGeorgia #GiorgiMazniashvili #GrigoriyOrdzhonikidze #RedArmy #Tbilisi #LeuvilleSurOrge #TreatyOfMoscow #Batumi #PeopleGuard #KojoriHeights #February1921 #Caucasus #Bolsheviks Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • The Battle of Didgori: Georgia's Decisive Victory Against the Seljuks

    The Battle of Didgori: Georgia's Decisive Victory Against the Seljuks
    2026/05/18
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Battle of Didgori in 1121, a pivotal confrontation that shattered Seljuk dominance in the Caucasus and paved the way for Georgia's Golden Age. Lucas recounts King David the Builder's strategic genius—his mobilization of Kipchak mercenaries from the northern steppes, his diplomatic maneuvering to isolate the Seljuk coalition, and the harrowing feigned retreat that drew the enemy into a trap. The conversation also delves into David the Builder's broader reforms: how he subdued the rebellious feudal lords (aznauri), centralized the state, and fostered a cultural renaissance through monasteries like Gelati. Lucas emphasizes the battle's significance not just as a military victory but as a symbol of Georgian unity and resilience. Luna asks about the mysterious phrase 'David's sword' and the legend of the 40,000 Georgians defeating a vastly larger force. The episode ends with a reflection on how Didgori echoes in Georgia's national consciousness, reminding listeners of a time when a small kingdom defied an empire. #BattleOfDidgori #DavidTheBuilder #SeljukEmpire #KingdomOfGeorgia #MedievalCaucasus #Kipchaks #GelatiMonastery #FeignedRetreat #GoldenAgeOfGeorgia #BagrationiDynasty #Tbilisi #CaucasusHistory #MilitaryHistory #MedievalBattles #GeorgianHistory #FexingoHistory #History #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    5 分
  • Georgia's 1918 Battle of Choloki: The Fight for Batumi

    Georgia's 1918 Battle of Choloki: The Fight for Batumi
    2026/05/17
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna revisit the 1918 Battle of Choloki, a crucial but often overlooked engagement that secured Batumi and the Black Sea coast for the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Lucas explains how General Giorgi Mazniashvili, a hero of the previous war with the Ottomans, led a ragtag force of regulars and the People's Guard against the advancing Ottoman army. He details the strategic importance of the Choloki River, the arrival of the German mission under General von Lossow, and the fragile peace that followed. The conversation explores the complexities of Georgia's position between the Ottoman Empire and Germany, the role of the Germanophile faction in Tbilisi, and the eventual Treaty of Batumi that recognized Georgia's independence under Ottoman tutelage. Lucas also reflects on how the battle shaped Georgia's brief independence and its later Soviet subjugation. Listeners will come away with a concrete understanding of a pivotal military and diplomatic moment that defined Georgia's struggle for survival in the chaos of World War I's aftermath. #BattleOfCholoki #GiorgiMazniashvili #Batumi #DemocraticRepublicOfGeorgia #People'sGuard #TreatyOfBatumi #OttomanEmpire #GeorgianHistory #1918 #Caucasus #WorldWarI #CholokiRiver #GeneralVonLossow #GermanMission #Tbilisi #Adjara #MilitaryHistory #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    5 分
  • The 1918 Battle of Choloki: Georgia's Fight for the Black Sea

    The 1918 Battle of Choloki: Georgia's Fight for the Black Sea
    2026/05/17
    In June 1918, as the Democratic Republic of Georgia fought to secure its borders against an Ottoman advance, a decisive engagement took place on the banks of the Choloki River. This episode tells the story of that battle—how General Giorgi Mazniashvili rallied a small Georgian force, including the newly formed People's Guard and a German-led battalion, to halt the Ottoman army at the last line of defense before Batumi. We explore the precarious position of Georgia in the final days of World War I, the Ottoman Empire's ambitions to annex Adjara, and how German military support shaped the battle's outcome. Drawing on accounts from Georgian military history and memoirs of the era, we examine the tactics, the key commanders, and the political aftermath—including the eventual loss of Batumi until the Treaty of Sèvres. This is a story of a young republic's desperate stand against an old empire, and how one battle defined Georgia's struggle for sovereignty on the Black Sea coast. #BattleOfCholoki #Georgia #GiorgiMazniashvili #DemocraticRepublicOfGeorgia #OttomanEmpire #WorldWarI #Batumi #People'sGuard #BlackSea #Adjara #GermanEmpire #TreatyOfSèvres #1918 #CaucasusFront #MilitaryHistory #TsarsGarden #Mensheviks #CholokiRiver Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分