For people with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, treatment can involve repeated procedures, a high risk of tumor recurrence, toxic therapies and, in some cases, removal of the bladder. Hamlet Biopharma is developing Alpha1H, a synthetic peptide inspired by a protein complex found in human breast milk. Catharina Svanborg, chair of Hamlet Biopharma, discusses how Alpha1H is designed to selectively target bladder tumor cells while sparing healthy tissue, the science that led to the program, and the clinical-development path ahead.

GLP-1 therapies have dramatically reshaped obesity care, but the next generation of medicines may be judged by more than how much weight patients lose. A central question is whether treatments can selectively reduce the visceral fat associated with cardiometabolic disease while maintaining the muscle needed for physical function, metabolic health, and durable weight management. Erik Ingelsson, chief scientific officer of Wave Life Sciences, discusses the biology behind a new RNA-based approach designed to remove a natural brake on fat breakdown, how the company is thinking about clinical endpoints and patient populations, and why precision approaches to fat loss could change the definition of success in obesity treatment.

T-cell engagers have delivered important advances in blood cancers, but extending their success to solid tumors has proved considerably more difficult. Physical barriers, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and the risk of attacking healthy tissue have constrained the field. Deck Bio is developing multi-target T-cell engagers to address these limitations. Jack Silberstein, the company’s CEO, discusses Deck Bio’s efforts to create therapies that reach more cancer cells, reduce the likelihood that tumors will evade treatment, and minimize harm to healthy tissue.