In 1249, a crusader army marched on Cairo, the Sultan of Egypt died mid-invasion, and his widow decided nobody needed to know. Shajar al-Durr, purchased at a slave market, forged a dead man's signature, broke a crusade, captured a king of France, and put her own name on the coins of Egypt. The chroniclers who wrote her story all worked for the people who came after her. So she answered in architecture instead. This one has ships carried on camels, a constitutional argument built out of grief, and the most suspiciously perfect murder weapon in medieval history.

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Primary Sources

Ibn Wasil. Mufarrij al-Kurub fi Akhbar Bani Ayyub. Mid-13th century. Excerpts translated in Francesco Gabrieli, Arab Historians of the Crusades. Translated by E. J. Costello. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

al-Maqrizi, Ahmad ibn Ali. Kitab al-Suluk li-Ma'rifat Duwal al-Muluk. Early 15th century. Written approximately 150 years after the events described. Principal source for the account of Shajar al-Durr's death; used here as evidence of the later narrative tradition rather than as a contemporary record.

de Joinville, Jean. The Life of Saint Louis. c. 1309. Translated by Frank Marzials in Memoirs of the Crusades. London: Dent, Everyman's Library, 1908. Full text available via the Internet Archive. Modern translation: Caroline Smith, Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades. London: Penguin Classics, 2008.

al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Ismail. Sahih al-Bukhari. 9th century. The hadith on female rulership invoked against Shajar al-Durr, transmitted from Abu Bakra, appears in Book 88 (Afflictions and the End of the World), Hadith 219.

Secondary Sources

Ruggles, D. Fairchild. Tree of Pearls: The Extraordinary Architectural Patronage of the 13th-Century Egyptian Slave-Queen Shajar al-Durr. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020.

Humphreys, R. Stephen. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977.

Schregle, Gotz. Die Sultanin von Agypten: Sagarat ad-Durr in der arabischen Geschichtsschreibung und Literatur. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1961. In German. Cited via Ruggles.

Gabrieli, Francesco, ed. and trans. Arab Historians of the Crusades. Translated by E. J. Costello. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

Between 1945 and 1950, five people disappeared in the wilderness of southwestern Vermont near Glastenbury Mountain. A 74-year-old hunting guide who knew the area well. An 18-year-old college student in a red coat. A 68-year-old veteran on a bus. An eight-year-old boy. A 53-year-old hiker taking a shortcut to camp. None of them came back. In 1992, a writer named Joseph Citro called it the Bennington Triangle. The cases are still open.

If you want to help keep the lights on, Moxie in treats, and me caffeinated enough to keep posting episodes, you can toss a few dollars in the tip jar:

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Sources

Joseph A. Citro, Passing Strange: True Tales of New England Hauntings and Horrors (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996).

Bennington Banner, November 1945; December 1946; October and November 1950.

Burlington Free Press, December 1949.

Ruth Franklin, Shirley Jackson: A Rather Haunted Life (New York: Liveright, 2016).

Tyler Resch, Glastenbury: The History of a Vermont Ghost Town (Charleston: History Press, 2009).

Sharon A. Hill, "Bennington Triangle Cases," Doubtful News, doubtfulnews.com.

Vermont State Police, institutional history and Welden case records, available at vtrooper.com.

In the 1870s, two paleontologists set out to discover dinosaurs and ended up discovering new depths of human pettiness instead. Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh started as friends, became enemies over a fossil quarry in New Jersey, and spent the next thirty years dynamiting each other's dig sites, planting spies in each other's camps, and going to war in the newspapers. They both died broke. The dinosaurs, at least, were real.

Snarkives Podcasts will always be free to listen. If you want to help keep the lights on, Moxie in treats, and me caffeinated enough to keep posting episodes, you can toss a few dollars in the tip jar:

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Sources

Mark Jaffe, The Gilded Dinosaur (Crown, 2000) https://amzn.to/4nKaK4V

Leonard Warren, Joseph Leidy: The Last Man Who Knew Everything (Yale University Press, 1998)

Jane P. Davidson, The Bone Sharp: The Life of Edward Drinker Cope (Academy of Natural Sciences, 1997)

Paul D. Brinkman, The Second Jurassic Dinosaur Rush (University of Chicago Press, 2010)

New York Herald, January 12 and 19, 1890 — "Scientists Wage Bitter Warfare"

Episode image: O.C. Marsh, Stegosaurus illustration, US Geological Survey, 1896. Public domain.

In 1661, a magistrate in Wiltshire confiscated a vagrant drummer's drum. Then the drum started playing itself. For two years. This is the story of the haunting that terrified Restoration England, attracted a Royal Society fellow with a notebook, and left fingerprints on the Salem witch trials.

Snarkives Podcasts will always be free to listen. If you want to help keep the lights on, Moxie in treats, and me caffeinated enough to keep posting episodes, you can toss a few dollars in the tip jar:

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Sources

Michael Hunter, "New Light on the Drummer of Tedworth," Historical Research 78 (2005)

Joseph Glanvill, Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) — available via Internet Archive

Julie Davies, Science in an Enchanted World: Philosophy and Witchcraft in the Work of Joseph Glanvill (Routledge, 2022)

Cotton Mather, Wonders of the Invisible World (1693)

A.L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England 1560–1640 (Methuen, 1985)

Episode art: engraving from Glanvill, Saducismus Triumphatus (1681). Public domain.

A whole war. Fifty thousand dead. Six hundred ships lost. And it might have started with a jar containing a severed ear that may or may not have ever been shown to Parliament. This week I found the War of Jenkins' Ear and I cannot stop thinking about it.

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Sources

Robert Gaudi, The War of Jenkins' Ear: The Forgotten Struggle for North and South America, 1739-1742 (Pegasus Books, 2021) https://amzn.to/42ql3Bt

J.K. Laughton, "Jenkins's Ear," English Historical Review 4 (1889): 741-749

Evan M. Graboyes and Timothy E. Hullar, "The War of Jenkins' Ear," Otology and Neurotology 34 (February 2013): 368-372

Philip Woodfine, Britannia's Glories: The Walpole Ministry and the 1739 War with Spain (Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press, 1998)

Jeremy Black, Walpole in Power (Sutton, 2001)

Pennsylvania Gazette (Benjamin Franklin), October 7, 1731

Treaty of Utrecht, 1713

Paris, 1730s. Apprentices. Starving. Their master's cats eating better than them. What happens next is exactly as unhinged as it sounds.

Snarkives Podcasts will always be free to listen. If you want to help keep the lights on, Moxie in treats, and me caffeinated enough to keep posting episodes, you can toss a few dollars in the tip jar:

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Sources

Robert Darnton, "The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History" (Basic Books, 1984) - https://amzn.to/4dnaC7T

Nicolas Contat, "Anecdotes typographiques" (Oxford Bibliographical Society edition, 1980)

Roger Chartier, "Texts, Symbols, and Frenchness," Journal of Modern History, Vol. 57, No. 4 (1985)

Dominick LaCapra, "Chartier, Darnton, and the Great Symbol Massacre," Journal of Modern History, Vol. 60, No. 1 (1988)

Harold Mah, "The Epistemology of the Sandwich," in Intellectual History and the Return of Literature (1991)