『Quran Study: A Discussion on Surah Al Munafiqun』のカバーアート

Quran Study: A Discussion on Surah Al Munafiqun

Quran Study: A Discussion on Surah Al Munafiqun

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 Surah Al Munafiqun is the 63rd Surah of the Holy Quran. The meaning of Al Munafiqun is the Hypocrites, which is from the root word nifaq, which means hypocrisy. Generally, we have learned that this Surah was revealed for three main reasons: There were Munafiq individuals at the time of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and we should know of them, Allah wanted to warn us from keeping the company of the Munafiqun, and Allah wanted to inform us to take heed that we, ourselves, could be of the Munafiqun. All three of these reasons can be related to this Surah, but to really know we have to do an in depth analysis of this Surah. We will take a look at the name of this Surah, period of revelation, origin and circumstances, and the overall meaning of this Surah and related verses elsewhere in the Noble Quran, Insha’Allah. To begin, let’s take a look at the name of this Surah a little bit more. The name of this Surah is derived from a part of the first Ayah (verse) of this Surah which says, “Idha jaa kal-munafiqun” which means “When the hypocrites come to you”. In this Ayah we know that there were hypocrites in the time of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), and that they were openly approaching him (SAW). We also realize that being a Munafiq is not a small thing. Rather, it is such a severe disease of the heart, that Allah mentions it in the Quran Himself! The Sahaba were extremely cautious and concerned about this disease affecting them and being counted as one of the Munafiqun, especially Abu Rib’i Hanzala (RA), and even Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) and ‘Umar ibn Al Khatab (RA), as illustrated in the stories from the Seerah of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) at the end of this study. It is important to know the period of revelation, because it will help us better understand what was happening during that time. This is a Madani Surah. There are many arguments and research among the scholars as to when the Surah was revealed. The scholars have concluded that this Surah was either revealed during the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) return journey from his campaign against Bani al-Mustaliq or immediately after his return to Madinah. It was found that the campaign against Bani al-Mustaliq took place in Sha’ban A.H. 6, thus the time of revelation is determined quite precisely. Now that we know about the time of revelation, let us see what was happening during that time period. Before the Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) migration to Madinah, the tribes of the Aus and Khazraj (two leading tribes of Madinah), were looking to appoint someone among themselves as a leader. They had almost agreed upon the leadership of one man. This man was Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, the chief of the Khazraj tribe. Muhammad bin Ishaq stated that among the people of Khazraj his authority was never contested and never had the Aus and the Khazraj agreed to one man before this. So, the agreement between the two clans of his appointment as chief was a notable event throughout Madinah. This was the condition when the voice of Islam reached Madinah in those days. The leaders and more influential people started to become Muslims. This happened before the Muslim migration from Makkah and before the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was even invited to come to Madinah. Abbas bin Ubadah bin Nadlah Ansari wanted to delay this invitation to the Prophet (SAW) hoping that Abdullah bin Ubayy may voluntairily become Muslim and Islam would become the center point of Madinah making the transition easier and without offending the tribes or their leaders (mainly Abdullah ibn Ubayy), but the delegation that arrived in Makkah to declare their allegiance and invitation to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) did not give any importance to the proposal of Abbas bin Ubadah. They did not want to delay the arrival of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and went ahead with preparing to welcome him to Madinah. When the Holy Prophet (SAW) arrived in Madinah, Islam had already gone so deeply into the hearts of the Ansar (the people of Madinah), that Abdullah bin Ubayy became helpless and could not see any way to keep his leadership and reluctantly became Muslim. Abdullah bin Ubayy was filled with rage and hate, because he felt that he was deprived of his kingship and leadership. Abdullah bin Ubayy claimed that he was Muslim, but in truth he had so much malice and hate for Islam, he was far from it. Over time, Abdullah bin Ubayy’s hypocrisy was exposed day by day. He would sit in the first row at Jum’uah (Friday) and when the Prophet (SAW) would arrive to relay his sermon, he would stand up and say, “O people, the Messenger of Allah is present among you, by whom Allah has honoured you; therefore, you should listen to him and listen to what he says and obey him.” Sounds good? It was all an act. Most of the time, we will see the people who speak the loudest of such things are the most empty inside. Realistically, thinking about the time we live in now or the state we are in, if the majority of people who sit ...
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