The indications and administration of ACLS antiarrhythmics Magnesium & Procainamide for treating Torsades de Pointes and stable tachycardias.

Identification of Torsades on the ECG.

Administration of a magnesium for stable patients with Torsades vs patients in cardiac arrest.

Procainamide use for stable patients with a monomorphic wide-complex tachycardia.

Procainamide dosing and when to stop the infusion.

Tip for determining whether magnesium or Procainamide should be used when treating stable patients with V-Tach.

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When we give the first dose of epinephrine to a patient in cardiac arrest. Epi’s dose, route, repeat frequency, & maximum dose following ACLS's Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm.

Epinephrine is the first IV medication we administer to every patient in cardiac arrest.

When we give the first dose of epinephrine depends on whether the patient is in a shockable or non-shockable rhythm.

When to give the first dose of epinephrine and its frequency for patients in asystole or PEA following the right side of the Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm.

When to give the first dose of epi and its frequency for patients in V-Fib or pulseless V-Tach following the left side of the Adult Cardiac Arrest algorithm.

Example chronology of events for a scenario where a patient is found unresponsive with only gasping/agonal breathing.

Administration of epi via the IO route in the absence of an IV.

The maximum cumulative dose of epinephrine that can be administered to patients in cardiac arrest.

When do we stop administering epinephrine.

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Review of hypovolemia as a H&T reversable cause of cardiac arrest including: causes, signs & symptoms, and treatment.

When a patient loses excessive amounts of fluids, we say that they are in a state of hypovolemia.

The most obvious cause of hypovolemia is from bleeding.

Common conditions other than bleeding that can cause hypovolemia.

Bleeding can be internal or external and caused by trauma, pathology, or iatrogenic.

Classic signs & symptoms of hypovolemic shock.

Volume replacement with crystalloids vs blood.

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