For 300 years, the death of Sweden's warrior king remained one of history's greatest unsolved mysteries. Was King Charles XII killed by enemy fire or assassinated by one of his own men? The legend of the "bullet button"—a uniform button filled with lead—has persisted for centuries. But now, modern forensic science has finally provided the answer.
In this episode, we explore the definitive conclusion reached by researchers at the University of Oulu. Using ballistic model skulls, CT imaging, and test firings of period-accurate ammunition, they have proven that the projectile was not a lead musket ball—which would have left visible traces of lead—nor a button from his own uniform. The fatal shot was an iron cartouche ball, well over 20 millimeters in diameter, fired from the enemy fortress approximately 200 meters away [citation:5][citation:1]. The evidence is clear: Charles XII was killed by enemy fire, not by an assassin in his own ranks [citation:12][citation:6]. This is the story of how science finally solved a centuries-old mystery.
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