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How U.S. Doctors Used Guatemalan Bodies to Test Syphilis Secretly

How U.S. Doctors Used Guatemalan Bodies to Test Syphilis Secretly

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How U.S. Doctors Used Guatemalan Bodies to Test Syphilis Secretly

A federal laboratory conversation in 1945 turned into a two-year program that deliberately exposed soldiers, inmates, psychiatric patients, and sex workers in Guatemala to syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid without their informed consent - some were paid with cigarettes or soap. How did a casual remark about mandatory health inspections become the blueprint for this covert experiment, and who facilitated the access?

In this episode, we outline the sequence of events, the institutional partnerships, and the specific groups targeted by the program to show how routine public health structures were repurposed for secret research. What decisions and approvals allowed the work to move from Staten Island to Guatemala City?

Person: Juan María Funes Fonseca
Date: 1945-1948
Location: Guatemala City; Staten Island
Institution: U.S. Public Health Service; Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; Venereal Diseases Training and Research Laboratory
Event: Deliberate exposure of human subjects to sexually transmitted pathogens

- Funes was born May 29, 1907, and graduated from the National University of Guatemala in 1938.
- The Terre Haute experiments ran about 10 months from 1943 to July 1944 and failed to reliably induce gonorrhea infections.
- The Guatemala program became operational in August 1946, with research beginning in November 1946.
- Subjects included soldiers from the Brigada Guardia de Honor, inmates at the Penitenciaría Central, psychiatric patients at the Hospital Neuropsiquiátrico, and sex workers from a clinic with mandatory inspections.
- Funding and formal collaboration were channeled through the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and Guatemala’s General Directorate of Public Health under Dr. Luis Galich.

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