TIMESTAMPS:
0:00 - Intro
0:54 - Trick -Or-Treat
5:07 - The Investigation
13:45 - The Trial and Appeals
21:37 - Lasting Effects


Sources:
https://www.hcdistrictclerk.com/Common/HistoricalDocument/pdf/COTM_Oct_2021.pdf
https://abc13.com/post/1974-candyman-turned-halloween-terrifying-pasadena-texas/375883/
https://www.fwweekly.com/2024/10/23/the-man-who-killed-halloween/
https://law.justia.com/cases/texas/court-of-criminal-appeals/1979/59731-3.html
News clips from this case: https://texasarchive.org/2017_03761
https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/article/Candy-Man-s-legacy-still-haunting-today-9774087.php
https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Man-Who-Killed-Halloween-still-haunts-holiday-1971811.php
https://www.vice.com/en/article/halloween-killer-ronald-clark-o-bryan-candy-man/

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Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:23 - Pirate Myths
3:28 - Pirates & Privateers
7:24 - Pirate Punishments
9:47 - Pirate Attack
14:57 - The Golden Age of Piracy
18:34 - Calico Jack - John Rackman
25:31 - Anne Bonny & Mary Reed
33:12 - Blackbeard - Savage or Soft?
45:02 - Black Bart - Bartholomew Roberts
51:15 - The Golden Age Comes to an End
53:12 - Piracy & Modern Times

►Sources:
https://www.worldhistory.org/Golden_Age_of_Piracy/
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1847/pirate-punishments-in-the-golden-age-of-piracy/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolly_Roger
https://www.worldhistory.org/Calico_Jack/
Scroll to References for 20 sources Calico Jack - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rackham
https://www.worldhistory.org/Anne_Bonny/
https://www.worldhistory.org/Mary_Read/
https://www.nps.gov/people/blackbeard.htm
Black Beard’s real identity? https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/three-centuries-after-his-beheading-kinder-gentler-blackbeard-emerges-180970782/
BB’s Ship: https://ancientnc.web.unc.edu/exhibits/shipwrecks/queen-annes-revenge/#:~:text=While trying to enter the,portions of the shipwreck site.
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/maritime-history/pirates-history-golden-age-piracy
https://benersonlittle.com/2021/06/18/the-fanciful-mythical-calico-jack-rackham-pirate-flag/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/three-centuries-after-his-beheading-kinder-gentler-blackbeard-emerges-180970782/
https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/maritime-history/pirates-bartholomew-roberts-chaloner-ogle-cup
https://www.worldhistory.org/Bartholomew_Roberts/
https://www.beaches.com/blog/real-life-pirates-caribbean/
Modern day: https://desteia.com/blog/modern-pirates

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In today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing the History of Circus Freak Shows!

►Sources:
https://www.britannica.com/art/circus-theatrical-entertainment/20th-century-developments
https://childrenstheatre.org/2024/01/17/the-early-history-of-traveling-entertainment-in-the-u-s/
https://www.aaastateofplay.com/circus-history/#:~:text=Many traveling circuses in the,and the downfall of sideshows
https://lynchburgmuseum.org/sideshows
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elephant-Man
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Stratton
Books about the McCoy Twins: Biography History and Medical Description of the Two-Headed Girl (1869) was sold during their public appearances. Millie-Christine: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made (2000)
https://brightonmuseums.org.uk/discovery/history-stories/millie-and-christine-mccoy-1851-1912-african-american-conjoined-twin-performers/
https://allthatsinteresting.com/lobster-boy
https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2023/12/11/millie-christine-mckoy-d-74
https://scalar.usc.edu/works/circus-route-books-project/annie-jones
https://www.britannica.com/art/freak-show
https://allthatsinteresting.com/annie-jones-bearded-lady
https://allthatsinteresting.com/joseph-merrick
https://www.k180.org/faith--film-blog/my-life-is-full-because-i-know-i-am-loved-the-elephant-man-1980
https://publicdomainreview.org/essay/julia-pastrana-a-monster-to-the-whole-world/ Additional sources linked: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnum's_American_Museum

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Sources:

Books: Belonging: A Memoir by Catherine Corless / My Name is Bridge by Anna Corrigan / The Adoption Machine: The Dark History of Ireland’s Mother & Baby Homes by Paul Jude Redmond How 100s of Irish babies came to be buried in a secret mass grave: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpwqnwrkd1go https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/15/how-were-babies-mass-graves-discovered-in-church-run-home-in-ireland

"Magdalene Laundries”: https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/book-review-republic-of-shame-airing-irelands-dirty-linen-0bkpl23cj?region=global Timeline: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54693159 https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/the-truth-about-the-magdalene-laundries-was-hiding-in-plain-sight-1.3900697

Documentary maker interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7em6aB4aeI

Interview with PJ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ioYc8g8YjY

July 2025: https://www.npr.org/2025/07/14/nx-s1-5440105/excavation-of-mass-grave-begins-at-a-notorious-home-for-unwed-mothers-in-ireland Call for release of records to victims: https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/roderic-o-gorman-call-for-transparency-for-mother-and-baby-home-records-652g287wg Documentary about Ireland’s Catholic mother homes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5WOymf8u-s

Ireland confronts it’s past with unwed mothers homes: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28298236

Man who found his mother: https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/tuam-mother-and-baby-home-survivors-welcome-nui-galway-oral-history-project-7k7pdk5qf Contact to send DNA, if you think you are related to a victim: https://www.live5news.com/2025/07/14/recovery-efforts-begin-recover-nearly-800-babies-believed-be-buried-septic-tank/

Survivors stories told: https://www.thetimes.com/world/ireland-world/article/tuam-survivors-want-to-tell-stories-for-posterity-nvgk59cx0

How bad it was to be u-wed: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7em6aB4aeI Additional sources linked here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Secours_Mother_and_Baby_Home#:~:text=In 1975, two boys, Franny,was assumed to be small.

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The Great Emu War of 1932

In Australia, farmers in Western Australia faced a massive invasion of emus that destroyed crops. The government sent soldiers armed with machine guns to combat the emu population. However, the emus proved surprisingly elusive, and the soldiers struggled to control them. Ultimately, the "war" was a failure, and the emus continued to thrive.

TIMESTAMPS:

0:00 - Intro

0:29 - Emu’s in Australia

2:59 - The “War” Begins

4:37 - 1st Attempt

8:47 - 2nd Attempt

10:43 - Aftermath

Sources:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Emu-War

Many additional sources linked here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_War

Movies- I have not watched these yet, but I will be going to check them out:

An action-comedy film, titled The Emu War, premiered at Monster Fest on 22 October 2023.

Another action-comedy movie - The Great Emu War, written by John Cleese, Monty Franklin, Rob Schneider, Camilla Cleese, and Jim Jefferies, was aiming to begin production in 2023 or 2024.

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today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing Phineas Gage, his traumatic brain injury and how aginst all odds, he surived and changed the world of medicine!

►Sources:
https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/se367/14/Readings/kean-14_phineas-gage-most-famous-patient.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1076/0964-704X(200004)9:1;1-2;FT046
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20480430/
https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jfkihlstrom/PDFs/2010s/2010/SocNeuroPhinGage_2010.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Joseph-Gall
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0037454
https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/phineas-gage-unravelling-myth
Other similar cases: https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/looking-back-blasts-past

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It’s 1964 and a baby is stolen, straight from his mothers arms. 15 months later, a toddler is found and returned to his mother, but was this the WRONG baby? Instead of a happy ending, the returned child only leads to the discovery of 2 more missing children and loads of unanswered questions.

00:00 - Intro

1:07 - Taken

3:32 - The Manhunt

5:19 - The Initial Investigation

9:31 - The Founding

13:24 - Identified?

16:07 - Reunited

21:20 - Paul’s Child hood

25:48 - Identity Search begins

28:23 - Going public

36:04 - True Identity

38:20 - Rosenthal Family

42:32 - The Twins

45:21 - Jill

46:41 - The Real Paul

48:48 - Who Kidnapped Paul?

53:26 - Search for missing Twin Sister

SOURCES:

If you have any information about the disappearance of Jill Rosenthal or recognize the woman in the photo, please contact the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children at 1-800-THE-LOST. Jill Rosenthal Missing Poster— https://www.missingkids.org/poster/NCMC/1419009/1/screen For more information on Paul Fronczak, visit his website here: https://www.foundlingpaul.com/ For more information on long-term missing cases and age progressions, visit NCMEC’s website here: https://www.missingkids.org/theissues/longtermmissing Check out Pauls books: The Foundling: https://amzn.to/45zJFdt True Identity: https://amzn.to/45zJFdt https://promega.foleon.com/theishireport/november-2020/updates-on-paul-fronczaks-story/ https://www.woodtv.com/news/target-8/mi-man-idd-as-baby-kidnapped-from-chicago-hospital-in-1964/

https://nypost.com/2019/12/23/ancestry-test-played-role-in-solving-decades-old-paul-fronczak-baby-abduction/ https://cw39.com/news/entertainment/mystery-wire-the-strange-case-of-paul-fronczak/https://torontosun.com/news/world/baby-boy-kidnapped-in-1964-finally-found-reporthttps://www.bbc.com/news/stories-44242626https://wgntv.com/news/wgn-investigates/newborn-baby-abducted-from-chicago-hospital-55-years-ago-found-living-in-michigan/ More about the as called “Welfare Queen:” https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2013/12/linda_taylor_welfare_queen_ronald_reagan_made_her_a_notorious_american_villain.html

BOOK: The Queen by Josh Levin

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/20/255819681/the-truth-behind-the-lies-of-the-original-welfare-queen

Jack/Paul’s YT channel: https://www.youtube.com/@TheFronczakFiles

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In the chaotic final days of the Vietnam War, a daring humanitarian mission unfolded — Operation Babylift. This large-scale evacuation effort, led by the U.S. government and various humanitarian organizations, aimed to airlift thousands of Vietnamese orphans out of South Vietnam and place them with adoptive families around the world. In this video, we explore the history, controversy, and lasting legacy of Operation Babylift.

0:00 - Intro

0:46 - The Problem

2:55 - Bureaucracy

3:55 - First Flight

16:43 - The Investigation

19:42 - Further Evacuations

22:50 - Ethical Concerns

26:31 - Chris Norlund

31:02 - Aune

34:11 - Finding Family

36:03 - Final Thoughts

SOURCES: https://www.dia.mil/News-Features/Articles/Article-View/Article/566960/remembering-the-first-operation-babylift-flight/

Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucBz_E_F5Yk&t=2862s

Re-enactment Documentary: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1309115/

https://apnews.com/article/vietnam-war-anniversary-fall-of-saigon-photos-bba8116d509249d62da4633f3e861dcd https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/daughter-operation-babylift-1975/#:~:text=A U.S government plan to,of whom were Vietnamese children https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/digital-research-room/topic-guides/operation-babylift https://www.holtinternational.org/operation-babylift-50-years-on/ https://www.amcmuseum.org/history/operation-babylift-and-new-life/

https://www.npr.org/2015/04/26/402208267/remembering-the-doomed-first-flight-of-operation-babylift https://kdvr.com/vietnam/operation-babylift-vietnam-orphans/ https://www.awm.gov.au/wartime/105/operation-babylift

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/operation-babylift

Chris announcing he found his family: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-sYn3rOGdA News Report on Crash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXU58y_3zkc&list=WL&index=45 Articles published by critics of the operation: http://lde421.blogspot.com/2014/03/operation-babylift-opposition-documents.html Information disagreeing with the Critics: https://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/archive/AIDOBR.htm Chris Norlund who survived plane crash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLj_dSr8b1k&list=WL&index=62 Twins who were re-connected through DNA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zylvf2_z4t0&list=WL&index=64

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