today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing Phineas Gage, his traumatic brain injury and how aginst all odds, he surived and changed the world of medicine!

►Sources:
https://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/se367/14/Readings/kean-14_phineas-gage-most-famous-patient.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1076/0964-704X(200004)9:1;1-2;FT046
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20480430/
https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~jfkihlstrom/PDFs/2010s/2010/SocNeuroPhinGage_2010.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Joseph-Gall
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0037454
https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/phineas-gage-unravelling-myth
Other similar cases: https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/looking-back-blasts-past

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It’s 1964 and a baby is stolen, straight from his mothers arms. 15 months later, a toddler is found and returned to his mother, but was this the WRONG baby? Instead of a happy ending, the returned child only leads to the discovery of 2 more missing children and loads of unanswered questions.

00:00 - Intro

1:07 - Taken

3:32 - The Manhunt

5:19 - The Initial Investigation

9:31 - The Founding

13:24 - Identified?

16:07 - Reunited

21:20 - Paul’s Child hood

25:48 - Identity Search begins

28:23 - Going public

36:04 - True Identity

38:20 - Rosenthal Family

42:32 - The Twins

45:21 - Jill

46:41 - The Real Paul

48:48 - Who Kidnapped Paul?

53:26 - Search for missing Twin Sister

SOURCES:

If you have any information about the disappearance of Jill Rosenthal or recognize the woman in the photo, please contact the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children at 1-800-THE-LOST. Jill Rosenthal Missing Poster— https://www.missingkids.org/poster/NCMC/1419009/1/screen For more information on Paul Fronczak, visit his website here: https://www.foundlingpaul.com/ For more information on long-term missing cases and age progressions, visit NCMEC’s website here: https://www.missingkids.org/theissues/longtermmissing Check out Pauls books: The Foundling: https://amzn.to/45zJFdt True Identity: https://amzn.to/45zJFdt https://promega.foleon.com/theishireport/november-2020/updates-on-paul-fronczaks-story/ https://www.woodtv.com/news/target-8/mi-man-idd-as-baby-kidnapped-from-chicago-hospital-in-1964/

https://nypost.com/2019/12/23/ancestry-test-played-role-in-solving-decades-old-paul-fronczak-baby-abduction/ https://cw39.com/news/entertainment/mystery-wire-the-strange-case-of-paul-fronczak/https://torontosun.com/news/world/baby-boy-kidnapped-in-1964-finally-found-reporthttps://www.bbc.com/news/stories-44242626https://wgntv.com/news/wgn-investigates/newborn-baby-abducted-from-chicago-hospital-55-years-ago-found-living-in-michigan/ More about the as called “Welfare Queen:” https://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/history/2013/12/linda_taylor_welfare_queen_ronald_reagan_made_her_a_notorious_american_villain.html

BOOK: The Queen by Josh Levin

https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/20/255819681/the-truth-behind-the-lies-of-the-original-welfare-queen

Jack/Paul’s YT channel: https://www.youtube.com/@TheFronczakFiles

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In the chaotic final days of the Vietnam War, a daring humanitarian mission unfolded — Operation Babylift. This large-scale evacuation effort, led by the U.S. government and various humanitarian organizations, aimed to airlift thousands of Vietnamese orphans out of South Vietnam and place them with adoptive families around the world. In this video, we explore the history, controversy, and lasting legacy of Operation Babylift.

0:00 - Intro

0:46 - The Problem

2:55 - Bureaucracy

3:55 - First Flight

16:43 - The Investigation

19:42 - Further Evacuations

22:50 - Ethical Concerns

26:31 - Chris Norlund

31:02 - Aune

34:11 - Finding Family

36:03 - Final Thoughts

SOURCES: https://www.dia.mil/News-Features/Articles/Article-View/Article/566960/remembering-the-first-operation-babylift-flight/

Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucBz_E_F5Yk&t=2862s

Re-enactment Documentary: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1309115/

https://apnews.com/article/vietnam-war-anniversary-fall-of-saigon-photos-bba8116d509249d62da4633f3e861dcd https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/daughter-operation-babylift-1975/#:~:text=A U.S government plan to,of whom were Vietnamese children https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/digital-research-room/topic-guides/operation-babylift https://www.holtinternational.org/operation-babylift-50-years-on/ https://www.amcmuseum.org/history/operation-babylift-and-new-life/

https://www.npr.org/2015/04/26/402208267/remembering-the-doomed-first-flight-of-operation-babylift https://kdvr.com/vietnam/operation-babylift-vietnam-orphans/ https://www.awm.gov.au/wartime/105/operation-babylift

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/operation-babylift

Chris announcing he found his family: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-sYn3rOGdA News Report on Crash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXU58y_3zkc&list=WL&index=45 Articles published by critics of the operation: http://lde421.blogspot.com/2014/03/operation-babylift-opposition-documents.html Information disagreeing with the Critics: https://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/archive/AIDOBR.htm Chris Norlund who survived plane crash: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLj_dSr8b1k&list=WL&index=62 Twins who were re-connected through DNA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zylvf2_z4t0&list=WL&index=64

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They seemed like the perfect couple: retired schoolteachers, quiet neighbors, world travelers... and secret art thieves? In this jaw-dropping true story, we uncover the shocking double life of Jerry and Rita Alter — an unassuming New Mexico couple who lived modestly, yet had a stolen $160 million painting hanging in their bedroom. For decades, no one suspected a thing.
Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:57 - The Theft
4:29 - The Investigation
5:48 - Jerry’s Early Life
7:25 - Jerry & Rita
16:49 - Settling the Estate
21:26 - Surprising Discovery
25:08 - Getting it back to where it belongs
30:48 - Continued Investigation
32:19 - Evidence against the Alters
36:36 - Other Crimes
41:47 - Other Valuable Items
48:06 - Internet Sleuth Under covers More
50:34 - Final Thoughts

►Sources:
https://www.wfaa.com/article/features/unclassified-fbi-files-unveil-clues-in-stolen-de-kooning-painting-discovered-behind-bedroom-door/287-b3a9910f-6193-4e48-adce-060c2fc8aafa
1st Documentary: https://www.wfaa.com/article/features/originals/discovering-the-de-kooning-a-wfaa-original-documentary/287-503975958#longform_chapter_5
2nd Documentary: https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/amzn1.dv.gti.6cdc30a1-2592-4b3c-910c-247543403954?autoplay=0&ref_=atv_cf_strg_wb
https://www.ksfr.org/criminal-justice/2025-06-06/after-40-years-stolen-art-comes-home-to-taos
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/mar/29/the-thief-collector-review-the-ordinary-married-couple-behind-a-massive-art-heist
https://www.azcentral.com/in-depth/news/local/arizona/2022/10/06/who-were-jerry-and-rita-alter-missing-de-kooning-found-couples-home/8195231001/
https://medium.com/true-crime-road-trip/the-missing-masterpiece-2caebd788a9d
More stolen works: https://www.scdailypress.com/2024/03/15/california-writer-finds-two-stolen-works-estate-now-famous-cliff-couple/
RETURNED: https://medium.com/true-crime-road-trip/detour-artwork-recovered-32bbb154a170
https://medium.com/true-crime-road-trip/taos-homecoming-83219e93512a
https://www.kunc.org/film-reviews/2023-06-09/film-review-a-true-story-stranger-than-fiction
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/18/arts/de-kooning-higgins-sharp-harwood-fbi.html?unlocked_article_code=1.XU8.hQDd.JxNCDG5HEN96
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/08/03/a-small-town-couple-left-behind-a-stolen-painting-worth-over-100-million-and-a-big-mystery/
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/de-kooning-art-theft
https://medium.com/true-crime-road-trip/the-missing-masterpiece-2caebd788a9d
https://www.kunc.org/film-reviews/2023-06-09/film-review-a-true-story-stranger-than-fiction

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Timeline:

0:00 - Intro

0:27 - Shout out

1:27 - Summary of Pin-up Girls

3:30 - Pre-Pin Up

5:09 - The Safety Bicycle

7:51 - How the Bicycle Changed Women’s Fashion

11:37 - Public Outrage

13:34 - The Gibson Girl And Calendar Girls

16:33 -World War I & Pin-Up Propaganda

18:43 -The Petty Girl & Nose Art

21:55 -1930s-1950s:

24:13 -WWII Propaganda

29:40 -From Illustrations to Photography

33:23 - Postwar:

38:38 - 1960’s and Beyond

SOURCES:

https://www.si.edu/spotlight/si-bikes/si-bikes-safety

https://velocipedienne.com/2016/06/02/dressing-for-the-safety-bicycle/

https://allthatsinteresting.com/pin-up-girls-history

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pin-up-girl-history_n_6077082

https://cyclehistory.wordpress.com/2015/01/30/women-on-the-move-cycling-and-the-rational-dress-movement/

https://citizendium.org/wiki/Pin-up_art

https://historycollection.com/what-the-world-doesnt-know-about-pin-up-girls/

https://medium.com/@peterdeleuran/pin-up-girls-through-history-from-objectification-to-empowerment-a59dec97d15a

https://iro.uiowa.edu/esploro/outputs/doctoral/The-Birth-of-the-Pin-Up-Girl/9983949490902771#file-0

https://shs.cairn.info/revue-inflexions-2018-2-page-181?lang=en

https://www.cnn.com/2014/10/13/world/the-lost-art-of-the-american-pin-up

https://www.scarlettgasque.com/blogs/blog/pin-up-fascination-why-were-pin-up-girls-so-significant?srsltid=AfmBOoqFApU613XFdKcSI-JgDRxApEPm7PBh-kUBdPjzR-fKUfJM1L_5

https://www.illustrationhistory.org/artists/category/pinup-art

https://www.biography.com/actors/marilyn-monroe-playboy-first-issue-didnt-pose

https://justlikeapinup.com/blogs/pinup-blog/pinup-history-from-then-till-now?srsltid=AfmBOornNhNDz7Xh62DsC2yb_1Cx0hlw_QQzePV6hfxV0YQMACVTp789

Pin-Up Grrrls: Feminism, Sexuality, Popular Culture. Maria Elena Buszek. Duke University Press. 2006.

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Happy FlexiSpot Prime Flash Sales, UP TO 65% OFF! You also have the chance to win free orders. Use my code ''YTE730'' to get extra $30 off on the E7 Standing desk.
FlexiSpot E7 standing desk:https://bit.ly/44Sr0Jl (US) https://bit.ly/3Gfb1vJ (CAN)

In today's episode of History and Hearsay, we are discussing the children who grew up on Alcatraz Island! ~ Christina

Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:21 - Flexispot
2:18 - Thank YOU & Disclaimer
2:41 - Alcatraz - The Beginning
7:45 - Alcatraz Families
10:24 - Life on the Island
14:57 - My Angola Story lol
15:47 - Leaving The Island
20:24 - Life for the Inmates
23:53 - Escape Attempts
28:07 - End of an Era

Sources:

https://dozr.com/blog/how-its-built-alcatraz-island

https://www.alcatrazhistory.com/factsnfig.htm M

https://historycollection.com/the-children-that-grew-up-on-alcatraz-had-a-more-fun-childhood-than-you-might-imagine/

https://storyworks.scholastic.com/issues/2023-24/030124/growing-up-on-alcatraz.html?language=english#900L-1000L (same as magazine)

https://www.bop.gov/about/history/alcatraz.jsp

https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alcatraz-escape

Children Who Once Called Alcatraz Home: ‘For Us, It Was a Big Playground.’ Caitlin Nolan. Inside Edition. 2018 / Kids tell life ‘On the Rock’. CNN/Reuters. 2003.

Children Who Grew Up on Alcatraz. Inside Edition. YouTube. 2018.

https://alcatrazguidedtours.com/blog/growing-up-on-alcatraz-qa-with-a-former-resident/

Did the 1962 escapees survive? https://www.nydailynews.com/2018/01/24/new-evidence-emerges-that-infamous-alcatraz-inmates-survived-treacherous-escape/

Jolene Babyak: http://jolenebabyakauthor.com/author-info/

https://www.clairerudolfmurphy.com/excerpt-children-alcatraz/

https://www.cityexperiences.com/blog/growing-up-on-alcatraz/
https://www.insideedition.com/the-children-who-once-called-alcatraz-home-for-us-it-was-a-big-playground-41719

https://historycollection.com/the-children-that-grew-up-on-alcatraz-had-a-more-fun-childhood-than-you-might-imagine/

https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/alcatraz-escape

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Timestamps:

0:00 - Intro

0:40 - Content Warning + Summer Time!

1:31 - Muriel Joan Drinkwater

3:16 - Missing

5:19 - Investigation Begins

7:44 - Persons of Interest

12:09 - Harold Jones

16:34 - Cold Case & DNA Technology

20:05 - DNA Clears Potential Suspects

23:30 - New Possible Suspect

26:36 - Effects On The Family & An Unanswered Question

30:07 - Final Thoughts

Cold Trace Video - Documentary where they were testing the sound of shots: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yrRcHi0zl8&t=130s

https://metro.co.uk/2025/06/23/one-britains-longest-unsolved-crimes-murder-schoolgirl-muriel-drinkwater-23349284/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7708974.stm

https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/the-muriel-drinkwater-case-can-they-crack-the-coldest-murder-case-lg98xvhzqlh?region=global

https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/unsolved-murder-12-year-old-19232081

https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/muriel-drinkwater-murder-harold-jones-16207548

https://herald.wales/national-news/crime/the-unsolved-murder-of-muriel-drinkwater/

https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/detectives-link-muriel-drinkwater-and-sheila-martin-murders-vw3fx2ltcsp

https://morbidology.com/the-little-red-riding-hood-murder-of-muriel-drinkwater/

https://www.thetimes.com/best-law-firms/profile-legal/article/muriel-drinkwater-murder-file-is-declared-secret-at-request-of-police-q62dm0jg93m

https://www.pressreader.com/uk/western-mail/20181019/281895889216744

The Times, 24 March, 2009 – “Even if it was 100 Years Ago, We’d Still Search”

South Wales Evening Post, 19 October, 2018 – “The Chilling Little Red Riding Hood Murder Which is Still Unsolved Today”

South Wales Echo, 2 May, 2019 – “DNA Rules out Valleys Child Murderer as Killer of Young Muriel in 1946”

Another Documentary:

https://tv.apple.com/gb/episode/muriel-drinkwater/umc.cmc.3yapmfrq6hja2vtrkmtsquci3?showId=umc.cmc.41vif7hpzcg5mmxge9iqjd89z

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0:00 - Intro

0:25 - Disclaimer & Inspo for todays episode

1:21 - The Origin of Monopoly

2:44 - The REAL Origin of Monopoly

12:49 - The History of MI9

15:33 - Christopher Clayton Hutton

20:45 - Maps & Monopoly

25:58 - Getting the games into the POW Camps

30:18 - Knowing what to look for

31:42 - Sending a message

34:08 - Other ways they snuck stuff in

35:17 - The American Effort

36:43 - Game Over

38:22 - Declassified

Sources:

https://www.visitforgottonia.com/lizzie-magie-inventor-of-monopoly/

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/62285/how-brilliant-intelligence-officer-used-monopoly-free-wwii-pows

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/ruthless-monopolys-secret-history/

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/mi9-the-ingenious-secret-service-of-the-second-world-war https://www.thelegendofq.co.uk/christopher-clayton-hutton.html

http://www.ww2rafcollection.co.uk/RAF_Collection/Aircrew_Evasion_&_Escape.html

A ton of other sources are linked on this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Hutton

https://invention.si.edu/invention-stories/woman-inventor-behind-monopoly

https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=ohiou1651700929726961&disposition=inline

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