Analysis of Ayer, A. J. (1946). Language, Truth and Logic (2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books / Victor Gollancz. (Originally published 1936)

=

Godless & Moral explores morality from a secular and atheistic perspective.
What grounds good and evil, right and wrong, when we abandon God and religious authority?
Drawing on philosophy, science, and thinkers like Richard Carrier and Sam Harris, we explore how morality might stand on its own.

Read my books!

References

1. Primary Sources

• Ayer, A. J. (1946). Language, Truth and Logic (2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books / Victor Gollancz. (Originally published 1936).
• Guerra Pires, J. (2026). The Anachronistic Misuse of Ayer Against Naturalist Moral Realism.
• Guerra Pires, J. (Host), Benites, M., & Leroy, D. (Guests). O emotivismo é melhor que o realismo moral? [Video / Podcast transcript].
• Guerra Pires, J. (Host), Carrier, R., & Leroy, D. (Guests). Richard Carrier, Daniel Leeroy, Jorge Pires: Can AI Help Us Understand Morality [Video / Podcast transcript].
• Guerra Pires, J. (Host), & Carrier, R. (Guest). The Physics of Morality: Why Being Good is a Logical Necessity (No God Required) [Video / Podcast transcript].

2. Philosophical & Scientific Works Referenced in the Debates

• Carrier, R. (Forthcoming). From Ontology to Morality. (Anthology on secular metaethics and naturalist moral realism).
• Curry, O. S. (2019). Morality as Cooperation. (Anthropological cross-cultural study of 60 societies).
• Foot, P. (2001). Natural Goodness. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• Moore, G. E. (1903). Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Railton, P. (1986). Moral Realism. Philosophical Review, 95(2), 163–207.

=

Godless & Moral explores morality from a secular and atheistic perspective.
What grounds good and evil, right and wrong, when we abandon God and religious authority?
Drawing on philosophy, science, and thinkers like Richard Carrier and Sam Harris, we explore how morality might stand on its own.

Read my books!

Learn more: Is emotivism better than moral realism?

=

Godless & Moral explores morality from a secular and atheistic perspective.
What grounds good and evil, right and wrong, when we abandon God and religious authority?
Drawing on philosophy, science, and thinkers like Richard Carrier and Sam Harris, we explore how morality might stand on its own.

Read my books!

Learn more: The Strongest Pro-Choice Argument Is Not About the Fetus

=

Godless & Moral explores morality from a secular and atheistic perspective.
What grounds good and evil, right and wrong, when we abandon God and religious authority?
Drawing on philosophy, science, and thinkers like Richard Carrier and Sam Harris, we explore how morality might stand on its own.

Read my books!

This is a preparation for a set of episodes from a conversation I had with Richard Carrier and Daniel Leeroy about morality and AI.

=

Godless & Moral explores morality from a secular and atheistic perspective.
What grounds good and evil, right and wrong, when we abandon God and religious authority?
Drawing on philosophy, science, and thinkers like Richard Carrier and Sam Harris, we explore how morality might stand on its own.

Read my books!