Bien sûr, voici une traduction anglaise du texte fourni :

Zoonoses encompass diseases or infections transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans, while dermatozoonoses represent a specific subset of these conditions, manifesting as dermatoses in humans. Although relatively rare compared to all zoonoses, these diseases are of crucial importance due to their regular occurrence and their inclusion in many differential diagnoses, both in human and veterinary medicine.

The agents responsible for these conditions are varied, including fungi, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. In urban environments, pets such as dogs, cats, rodents, and birds are the main vectors of transmission. The populations most at risk include pet owners, animal health professionals, breeders, and anyone in close contact with animals.

Among specific dermatozoonoses, dermatophytoses, or ringworms, are fungal infections caused by zoophilic dermatophyte fungi, frequently transmitted by cats, often asymptomatic carriers. Scabies, whether sarcoptic, notoedric, or due to Cheyletiella, are highly pruritic parasitic conditions, with variable modes of transmission and clinical manifestations depending on the animal species and the causative agent. Pulicoses, or flea infestations, although not always direct zoonoses, cause hypersensitivity dermatitis in humans.

Other conditions, such as cutaneous larva migrans, furcocercarial dermatitis, leishmaniasis, cat scratch disease, pasteurellosis, and cowpox virosis, also contribute to the spectrum of dermatozoonoses, each with its specificities in terms of causative agents, modes of transmission, and clinical manifestations.

Beyond dermatozoonoses, some non-dermatological parasitic zoonoses, such as cystic echinococcosis, visceral and ocular larva migrans, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, dirofilariasis, and toxoplasmosis, represent significant public health challenges.

Transmission of these zoonoses occurs through various modes, including bites, scratches, direct contact, exposure to animal secretions, inhalation, contact with vectors, and exposure to contaminated environments. Prevention relies on rigorous hygiene measures, regular deworming of animals, avoidance of contact with infected animals, and close collaboration between human and animal health professionals.

Diagnosis of dermatozoonoses involves a combined approach, including medical history, clinical examination, and specific laboratory tests for the suspected pathogen.

Les zoonoses englobent les maladies ou infections transmissibles entre les animaux vertébrés et l'homme, tandis que les dermatozoonoses représentent un sous-ensemble spécifique de ces affections, se manifestant par des dermatoses chez l'humain. Ces maladies, bien que relativement rares comparées à l'ensemble des zoonoses, revêtent une importance cruciale en raison de leur occurrence régulière et de leur inclusion dans de nombreux diagnostics différentiels, tant en médecine humaine que vétérinaire.

Les agents responsables de ces affections sont variés, incluant des champignons, des parasites, des bactéries et des virus. En milieu urbain, les animaux de compagnie, tels que les chiens, les chats, les rongeurs et les oiseaux, constituent les principaux vecteurs de transmission. Les populations les plus à risque comprennent les propriétaires d'animaux, les professionnels de la santé animale, les éleveurs et toute personne en contact étroit avec les animaux.

Parmi les dermatozoonoses spécifiques, les dermatophytoses, ou teignes, sont des infections fongiques causées par des champignons dermatophytes zoophiles, fréquemment transmis par les chats, souvent porteurs asymptomatiques. Les gales, qu'elles soient sarcoptiques, notoédriques ou dues à Cheyletiella, sont des affections parasitaires hautement prurigineuses, avec des modes de transmission et des manifestations cliniques variables selon l'espèce animale et l'agent causal. Les pulicoses, ou infestations par les puces, bien que n'étant pas toujours des zoonoses directes, provoquent des dermatites d'hypersensibilité chez l'homme.

D'autres affections, telles que les larva migrans cutanées, la dermatose furcocercarienne, la leishmaniose, la maladie des griffes du chat, la pasteurellose et la cowpox virose, contribuent également au spectre des dermatozoonoses, chacune avec ses spécificités en termes d'agents causaux, de modes de transmission et de manifestations cliniques.

Au-delà des dermatozoonoses, certaines zoonoses parasitaires non dermatologiques, telles que l'échinococcose cystique, les larves migrantes viscérales et oculaires, la giardiase, la cryptosporidiose, les dirofilarioses et la toxoplasmose, représentent des enjeux de santé publique significatifs.

La transmission de ces zoonoses s'effectue par divers modes, incluant les morsures, les griffures, le contact direct, l'exposition aux sécrétions animales, l'inhalation, le contact avec des vecteurs et l'exposition à des environnements contaminés. La prévention repose sur des mesures d'hygiène rigoureuses, la vermifugation régulière des animaux, l'évitement des contacts avec les animaux infectés et une collaboration étroite entre les professionnels de la santé humaine et animale.

Le diagnostic des dermatozoonoses implique une approche combinée, incluant l'anamnèse, l'examen clinique et des examens complémentaires spécifiques à l'agent pathogène suspecté.

Feline acne is an inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles, the cutaneous structures where hair grows and sebum is produced. This inflammation most commonly manifests on the chin and lower lip of the cat. It is visually characterized by comedones (blackheads), papules (red bumps), pustules (pus-filled bumps), and, in severe cases, deeper nodules. Although it can affect any cat, certain factors such as the use of plastic bowls, excessive sebum production, stress, allergies, or even anatomical predispositions can contribute to its development. Inadequate hygiene and secondary bacterial infections can exacerbate the lesions.

The Inflammatory Process in Detail

Sebum, naturally produced by the sebaceous glands, plays a protective role for the skin and hair. However, when its production is excessive or its drainage is impaired, it accumulates in the hair follicle along with dead skin cells. This mixture forms a plug, the comedo. This enclosed environment becomes conducive to bacterial growth, thereby triggering an inflammatory response. This inflammation initially manifests as blackheads, then progresses to red and purulent papules if bacteria, often Staphylococcus species, proliferate. In severe cases, the inflammation can extend deeper, forming nodules and abscesses.

Diagnosis: Identifying and Differentiating Feline Acne

The visible signs of feline acne vary depending on the severity. A mild form is limited to blackheads, while a moderate form presents with red and purulent papules. Severe forms are characterized by nodules, abscesses, crusting, and hair loss. The cat may scratch or rub its chin. It is crucial to differentiate feline acne from other skin problems such as allergies, fungal infections (ringworm), parasitic infestations (mange), or even tumors. The veterinarian relies on clinical examination, observation of the lesions and their location. A skin cytology (cell sample) may also be performed to identify bacteria and inflammation. A bacterial culture can identify the specific bacteria involved and their antibiotic sensitivity. In complex cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary.

Treatment: A Comprehensive and Adapted Approach

The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, eliminate comedones, treat infections, and improve the cat's comfort. Treatment combines several actions. Hygiene is paramount: replacing plastic bowls with easy-to-clean materials (ceramic, stainless steel) and cleaning the cat's chin daily with a mild, antiseptic product. Topical treatments, such as antiseptic shampoos or lotions (chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide) and creams (retinoids, topical antibiotics), are often prescribed. For severe or resistant cases, oral treatments, such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatories, may be necessary. Management of stress and allergies, if identified, is also important.

Regular follow-up with the veterinarian is essential to adjust treatment and prevent recurrences. Maintaining good hygiene, controlling risk factors, and, if necessary, continuing long-term maintenance treatment are the keys to effectively managing feline acne. Research continues to improve the understanding of this condition and to offer new therapeutic solutions. Good collaboration between the veterinarian and the owner is crucial for the cat's well-being.