A British warship in 1875 lowers a weighted rope into the Pacific and records a 26,850-foot drop-how could a rope measure the deepest place on Earth?
A weighted rope descended 26,850 feet and hit bottom
In this episode, we follow HMS Challenger’s three-and-a-half-year voyage and the scientists and sailors who methodically sounded the deep ocean with new instruments and miles of rope. We trace how they made long, slow measurements at numbered stations and why one accidental sounding stopped them cold - what did that number mean for the ocean?
Date: March 23, 1875
Ship: HMS Challenger
Depth measured: 26,850 feet (4,475 fathoms)
Expedition start: December 21, 1872
Scientific team: Sir Charles Wyville Thomson; John Murray; John Young Buchanan; Henry Nottidge Moseley; Rudolf von Willemoes-Suhm; John James Wild
- The corvette HMS Challenger was refitted for science: guns removed, two labs installed, a dredging platform and winches bolted to the deck.
- The ship carried 181 miles of Italian hemp rope and specialized thermometers like the Miller-Casella designed to withstand deep pressure.
- Soundings were taken at numbered “stations”; each required hours as rope was marked every 25 fathoms, limiting precision to that interval.
- On March 23, 1875, at Station 225, sailors paid out rope for nearly two hours until it reached 4,475 fathoms-26,850 feet.
- The expedition logged 492 soundings, catalogued thousands of species, and produced a 50-volume report that took 19 years to publish.
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