『An Essay on Crimes and Punishments』のカバーアート

An Essay on Crimes and Punishments

An Essay on Crimes and Punishments

著者: Voltaire and Cesare Beccaria
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An Essay on Crimes and Punishments by Cesare Beccaria is a landmark work of Enlightenment philosophy that argues for a more rational, humane, and effective system of criminal justice. Beccaria criticizes torture, secret trials, arbitrary punishment, and excessive penalties, insisting that laws should protect society rather than satisfy revenge.
He argues that punishment should be proportionate to the crime, clearly established by law, and applied consistently. Its purpose should be to prevent future offenses, not to inflict unnecessary suffering. Beccaria also famously opposes the death penalty, maintaining that long-term imprisonment can often deter crime more effectively while preserving the moral authority of the state.
The essay emphasizes legal equality, public trials, clear laws, and the presumption that people should not be punished without proper evidence and due process.
Beccaria’s ideas strongly influenced modern criminal law, prison reform, and human-rights thinking, making the work one of the foundational texts in the development of modern justice systems.
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  • Commentary - Chapter XXIII - The Idea of a Reform Suggested
    4 分
  • Commentary - Chapter XXII - Of Criminal Proceedings, and of Some Other Forms of Procedure
    15 分
  • Commentary - Chapter XXI - Of the Confiscation Consequent upon all the Crimes which Have Been Mentioned
    8 分
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