Servius Tullius is on the throne! We had an exciting start last time, but today it's all a bit slower-paced with tax reform, property classes and admin. Still, let's watch the first census be conducted, discuss Roman money, and examine quite why Servius hates tortoises.

Time period: 578- 534 BCE

Relevant individuals:

• Servius Tullius, 6th King of Rome

Sources for this episode:

• Appian (1972), Appian's Roman History in Four Volumes (Volume I). London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.
• Carr, J. L., Riedle, D. J., Munscher, E., Pearson, L. S., Kessler, E. J. and Dreslik, M.J. (2025), Macrochelys temminckii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2025: e.T232775771A507158.
• Casale, P. and Tucker, A. D. (2017), Caretta caretta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T3897A119333622.
• Cassius Dio (1961), Dio's Roman History (Volume I). Translated by E. Cary. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.

• Dionysus of Halicarnassus (1960), The Roman Antquities of Dionysus of Halicarnassus (Volume II). Translated by E. Cary. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.
• Eutropius (1760), Eutropius: Epitome of the Roman History. London: Printed for W. Johnston et al.
• Livy (1971), The Early History of Rome. Translated by A. de Selincourt. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.
• Luiselli, L. (2024), Testudo marginata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T21653A2777760.
• Luiselli, L. (2024), Testudo hermanni (errata version published in 2025). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T21648A268511652.
• Luiselli, L., Capula, M., Di Vittorio, M., Marrone, F. and Vamberger, M. (2024), Emys trinacris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024: e.T158469A778721.
• Marks, A. and Tingay, G. (date unknown), Romans. London: Usborne Publishing.

• Matyszak, P. (2008), Chronicle of the Roman Republic: The Rulers of Ancient Rome from Romulus to Augustus. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd.
• Moldowan, P. D. and van Dijk, P. P. (2025), Chelydra serpentina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T163424A251347989.
• Orosius (1936), History Against the Pagans. Translated by I. W. Raymond. Available at Attalus.

• Sextus Aurelius Victor (1825), Galerie Romaine, ou les Hommes Illustres de Rome et les Cesars. Translated by A. Caillot. Paris.
• Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996), Emys orbicularis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T7717A97292665.
• Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996), Testudo graeca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1996: e.T21646A9305693.
• van Dijk, P. P., Harding, J. and Hammerson, G. A. (2011), Trachemys scripta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T22028A97429935.
• Wallace, B. P. and Broderick, A. C. (2025), Chelonia mydas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T4615A285108125.

• Wallace, B. P., Tiwari, M. and Girondot, M. (2013), Dermochelys coriacea. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T6494A43526147.
• Author unknown, British Army (date unknown), Pay, Salaries & Benefits (online) (Accessed 26/07/2026).
• Author unknown, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (online) (Accessed 15/09/2026).
• Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Solidus (online) (Accessed 15/09/2026).

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