『A History of Childhood in the United States』のカバーアート

A History of Childhood in the United States

Four Hundred Years of Nation Building Through the Control, Exploitation, and Resistance of Children

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A History of Childhood in the United States

著者： Toby Rollo
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This book blows the lid off the sentimental mythology about protecting children and exposes the dark underbelly of adult ambition for the last four hundred years

The first book on the four hundred year formation of the US told from the perspective of children, Dr. Rollo argues that US history cannot be understood without recognizing how deeply it depended on the domination and exploitation of children. From the earliest settler colonies to modern schooling, children’s labor, obedience, and discipline were central to economic growth, political order, and nation-building. The United States was not only built on stolen land and enslaved labor, but also on the systematic use of children as workers, dependents, and instruments of adult ambition. Rollo observes how farms, factories, mines, and households relied on children’s labor, while myths of independence and self-reliance erased that dependence from national memory.

Divided into four separate parts, Rollo illustrates how as industrial capitalism expanded, competing adult groups—parents, industrialists, workers, and reformers—fought over control of children, each claiming to act in their and the nation’s interest. He compares the gentle, more nurturing methods of Indigenous child-rearing against the stern, disciplinarian tactics of settler colonists that later became the norm, and moves through time to touch on Black childhood during Reconstruction and the later Progressive Era “saving” of white children; compulsory schooling as a new way to discipline and prepare children for economic roles after the Industrial Era; the containment and classification of disabled children during the eugenics movement; and other topics all the way to today's parental rights movements. In doing so, he highlights how our systems were profoundly shaped by race, with Black, Indigenous, immigrant, poor, and disabled children subjected to harsher control, exclusion, and violence.

Rollo documents that despite all these aggressions, children resisted exploitation and mistreatment through work slowdowns, strikes, defiance, and protest. From the 1836 mill girls strike in Lowell, Massachusetts, and the Newsboys' Strike in 1899 in New York City, to the high school anti-war movements of the 1960s and 1970s and the increasing visibility of youth at the forefront of today's environmental justice crusades, he documents their revolt and resilience from below and how today’s youth movements continue this tradition, challenging a society that professes to protect them, while sacrificing their futures. A History of Childhood in the United States blows the lid off the sentimental mythology we’ve imbibed about protecting children and exposes the dark underbelly of adult ambition. 児童学 南北アメリカ大陸 社会科学 米国
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批評家のレビュー

“A History of Childhood in the United States matters because it forces a truth American history has long evaded: You cannot understand the making of this country without examining how it was built, not only through the exploitation of labor, land, and bodies but through the exploitation of children. From colonial households to plantations, factories, and classrooms, children were disciplined, worked, and shaped to sustain the American project. By centering childhood as a site of power and extraction, Toby Rollo forces an honest reckoning with how freedom for some has always depended on the repression of the young.”
—Stacey Patton, author of Strung Up: How White America Learned to Lynch Black Children

“This book dismantles one of the country’s most enduring myths: that the history of childhood is a steady advance from labor, patriarchal authority, and religious discipline toward protection, freedom, and rights. The history it uncovers is far more unsettling. Childhood was never simply a sheltered world of play and innocence. It was one of the principal means by which the nation sorted children into unequal futures by race, class, and gender. As physical labor receded, commercial culture, schools, juvenile courts, families, and welfare agencies imposed new forms of discipline, surveillance, and expectation. The book asks readers to abandon comforting claims about a nation that loves its children and confronts how unequally this country has distributed safety, autonomy, and opportunity among the young.”
—Steven Mintz, professor of history, The University of Texas at Austin and author of Huck’s Raft: A History of American Childhood
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