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Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was one of the most prominent leaders in advancing African American civil rights. He points out that those who are freed cannot be members of society because they are not given the same opportunities. Washington concludes the book with five principles that will aid African Americans in their fight to have equal rights and opportunities.

John L. Ransom was taken prisoner in 1863 when his regiment was split into two smaller forces in East Tennessee. He was placed into Andersonville Prison, formerly known as Camp Sumter. Ransom wrote a journal, published in 1881, on his experiences in the camp. Andersonville was the worst of Confederate prison camps, where hundreds of prisoners died daily. Ransom’s diary is important as it provides information on the notorious Andersonville prison camp that may not have been known otherwise.

Booker T. Washington's essay "The Awakening of the Negro" was published in the September 1896 issue of The Atlantic. It is a semi-autobiographical essay that sets forth Washington’s vision of uplifting his people. He relates how his work began at Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1881, in a small shanty and church without a dollar’s worth of property. The spirit of work and of industrial thrift, with aid from the state and generosity from the North, enabled them to develop an institution of 800 students from 19 states.

On Sept. 28, 1870, the 4-year-old Thomas Stringfield was captured by a band of Comanches when they attacked the Stringfield family on their wagon in McMullen County. Thomas was given the name "Two Braids" and assimilated into the tribe of Comanches with whom he lived for 40 years. In 1911, he published Captured By the Apaches which covers his life as an Apache and his rediscovery of the white man’s world after four decades. Stringfield knew the famous Chiefs Geronimio and Quanah Parker, and wrote about religion, marriage, and other topics on Indian life.

Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) was an orator of Black Nationalism, and founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He advanced a Pan-African philosophy which inspired a global movement, known as Garveyism. This book, The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey (1923) was compiled by his wife, Amy Euphemia Jacques Garvey, mainly from his speeches. Promoting unity between Africans and the African diaspora, he campaigned for an end to European colonial rule in Africa and encouraged the political unification of the continent.

The Jamaican orator and entrepreneur Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. (1887-1940) preached success to the African diaspora. He believed that attaining economic, cultural, and political success would free African Americans in this life. Identifying integrity of character as the first step toward achievement, Garvey promoted capitalism as the means to establish African Americans as an independent group.

Benjamin Tucker Tanner (1835-1923) was an editor, historian, and prominent theologian of his time who founded The Christian Recorder, an early African American newspaper. In his 1895 book The Color of Solomon, he contends that King Solomon of the Bible did not belong to the white race.

Hard Tack and Coffee: The Unwritten Story of Army Life (1887) is a memoir by John D. Billings, who was a veteran of the 10th Massachusetts Volunteer Light Artillery Battery in the American Civil War. Originally published in 1888, the book quickly became a best seller, and is today considered one of the most important books written by a Civil War veteran. The subject matter of Hard Tack and Coffee is about the details of army life - how the common Union soldiers of the Civil War lived.

Andy Adams (1859-1935) was born to pioneer parents in Indiana, worked in Texas for a decade driving cattle, and settled in Colorado Springs, where he penned his cowboy narratives. The Log of a Cowboy chronicles a five-month drive of three thousand head of cattle from Brownsville, Texas, to the Blackfoot Indian Reservation in Montana. This classical work of fiction provides fascinating insights of everyday life on the Great Western Cattle Trail with a team of 12 cowhands, a cook, a horse wrangler and a foreman.

J. W. Schultz (1859-1947) was an author, explorer, and historian who lived among the Blackfeet as a fur trader. In his famous book Rising Wolf, Schultz tells the story of Hugh Monroe who came to the Blackfoot country when he was 16 and was adopted into the Blackfeet tribe. He accompanied war parties, took part in buffalo hunts, and helped to make peace between the Crows and Blackfeet.

David Walker, the son of an enslaved man and a free black woman, was an entrepreneur, abolitionist, author and anti-slavery activist. In 1829, he published An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, a radical call for black solidarity and resistance to slavery. It raised awareness of the abuses of slavery, encouraged pride in its black readers and offered hope that change would eventually come. Being a radical anti-slavery document, it caused a stir upon publication, as it called upon readers to take an active role in fighting their oppression, regardless of the risk.

Warpath and Bivouac, or the Conquest of the Sioux offers a picture of campaigning in the 1870s and records the sights and sounds of plains warfare. This campaign was the one in which General Custer suffered his famous defeat at the Little Big Horn. Finerty gives an account of the Battle of the Rosebud which preceded the Custer massacre, and also reports on the later 1879 campaign to force the surrender of Sitting Bull and his Sioux who were the last resistance after Custer's defeat.

The Chisholm Trail was approximately 800 miles long, running from San Antonio, Texas to the shipping pens at Abilene, Kansas. This trail was an important part of the old west and part of the lives of thousands of cowboys of the 19th and into the early 20th century. Millions of cattle and horses accompanied their drivers on the two to three month journey; its economic importance extended across the nation to the east as the livestock moved over this trail was headed to market to feed much of the United States.

Born a slave, William Wells Brown (1814-1884) escaped to the North where he became a prominent abolitionist, historian, novelist and playwright. His 1863 book The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements portrays the lives of individuals selected by Brown that had “by their own genius, capacity, and intellectual development, surmounted the many obstacles which slavery and prejudice have thrown in their way, and raised themselves to positions of honor and influence."

Citizenship in a Republic is the title of a speech delivered by President Theodore Roosevelt, at the Sorbonne in Paris, France on April 23, 1910. It popularized the phrase "The Man in the Arena", as a person who is heavily involved in a situation that requires courage, skill, or tenacity, as opposed to someone sitting on the side-lines and watching: “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better.

Patrick Henry passionately opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution in his speech in the Virginia ratifying convention, delivered June 5, 1788. It is also known as his "Shall Liberty or Empire Be Sought?" speech. Focusing on rights and liberties, he claimed that amazing features are attributed to the Constitution, but when put to the test, they will fail. Henry placed liberty above union, criticized the powers of the president and Senate, and warned against the creation of a standing army.

Debs expresses concern for the vast number of workingmen without trades, who are often termed “unskilled” laborers. He argues that their importance in carrying forward the great industrial enterprises of the world has not been recognized in the past, and was not appreciated at the time. He also mentions that the term “skill” is often used in a sense which does great injustice to men who do not wear the badge of some particular trade, and hence, the term “skilled laborer” is never applied to men who are known as “common laborers.”

Fitzhugh Lee was a Confederate cavalry general during the Civil War. He was the nephew of Robert E. Lee, and the author of the most famous biography of his uncle.

After Douglass’ death, Paul Laurence Dunbar laments his passing and the problems experienced by African Americans in the elegiac poem "Frederick Douglass". The poem provides valuable insights into the situation of the African-American community in the late 19th century.

Nelson Appleton Miles (1839 - 1925) was an American military general. From 1895 to 1903, he served as the last commanding general of the United States Army before the office was abolished. The 1911 autobiography of General Miles is titled Serving the Republic, and chronicles his career as a soldier. He participated in many of the battles of the Civil War as a volunteer and afterwards took part as a commander in most of the Indian campaigns on the Western plains. His final service was in the Spanish-American War.