検索キーワード： 中世

During the first millennium AD the most northerly part of Britain evolved into the country known today as Scotland. The transition was a long process of social and political change driven by the ambitions of powerful warlords. At first these men were tribal chiefs, Roman generals, or rulers of small kingdoms.

Although it ended over 550 years ago, the Hundred Years’ War still looms large in the historical consciousness of England and France, even if the name of the famous war is a misnomer. The war was transformative in many respects, and the impact it had on the geopolitical situation of Europe cannot be overstated. While some might think of the war as being a continuation of the feudal tradition of knights and peasants, the Hundred Years’ War revolutionized Western European warfare, and it truly helped to usher in the concept of nationalism on the continent.

The Cathars were different from the mainstream Catholic church in the 13th century. They openly rebelled against some of the hypocritical behavior by priests and leaders, and they established their own deviant beliefs according to the best ability of their conscience. But when it all came down to it, what did this mean? What were those belief systems? What did they think of the crusades in the Middle East? Learn more about the Cathars, a community that made a significant impact during a time of dictatorships, massacres, and persecution of supposed heretics.

The medieval humoral system of medicine suggested that it was possible to die from having too much - or too little - sex, while the Roman Catholic Church taught that virginity was the ideal state. Holy men and women committed themselves to lifelong abstinence in the name of religion. Everyone was forced to conform to restrictive rules about who they could have sex with, in what way, how often, and even when, and could be harshly punished for getting it wrong.

Somewhat ironically, the one aspect of the Middle Ages that has been romanticized is medieval warfare. What is generally forgotten is that medieval warfare was constantly adapting to the times as leaders adopted new techniques and technology, and common infantry became increasingly important throughout the period. The changes became most evident at the beginning of the 14th century, when the French army fought rebellious forces from Flanders in the Battle of the Golden Spurs on July 11, 1302.

Sentimentale ma molto reale: in quattro navigazioni il viaggio si snoda dall'Egeo dei tempi di Ulisse alle coste romane di Ostia, da Costantinopoli all'Andalusia, da Ragusa a Cipro e infine da Alessandria d'Egitto a Ravenna. Di porto in porto, di tappa in tappa, ci ritroviamo in epoche diverse, nella Atene del V secolo a.C, a Cartagine alla vigilia della terza guerra punica, nella Valencia del Cid Campeador, nella Genova medievale, a Istanbul, e a Napoli all'inizio del Novecento.

Parliamo di donne velate e subito pensiamo allo hijab o agli altri tipi di copertura del capo, o del volto, o dell'intero corpo della donna che sono in uso nel mondo islamico e che, non senza originare polemiche, molte islamiche indossano anche nei paesi occidentali. Ma la prescrizione alle donne di coprirsi il capo appartiene in pieno anche alla storia dell'Occidente.

"La Breve historia del rey Arturo" analiza uno de los romances medievales más importantes de la Europa occidental: el mito del rey Arturo, que unifica los reinos de Inglaterra y hace retroceder a los invasores sajones, persiguiéndolos hasta el continente. Arturo, junto a su mujer, Ginebra, ejerce su reinado en la magnífica ciudad de Camelot, donde reúne alrededor de una inmensa mesa redonda a formidables caballeros: Gauvain, Kay, Percival, Lancelot, Tristán.

Un retrato poderoso, moderno, íntimo y profundamente humano de una era de destrucción extrema y creatividad excepcional, el renacimiento italiano, un periodo que moldeó la cultura occidental y que fue mucho más extraño, oscuro y fascinante de lo que nos han enseñado.

Qual era l'aspetto di Roma all'epoca dei Templari, e quali luoghi della città furono teatro di eventi cruciali per la storia del leggendario Ordine? Lo si scoprirà attraverso una serie di tappe significative. Come guida, avremo alcune figure illustri: Hugues de Payns e Jacques de Molay, il primo Maestro e l'ultimo, e fra loro san Bernardo di Clairvaux, il grande mistico del XII secolo che a buon diritto può essere considerato la colonna ideologica e spirituale del Tempio.

Radicales en sus ideas y dotados de una profunda espiritualidad, los cátaros rechazaban el materialismo, trataban como iguales a las mujeres, aceptaban la diferencia de credo, defendían el amor libre y afirmaban que el infierno no existía. Pero sobre todo, estos rebeldes pusieron en entredicho la autoridad de la Iglesia y su concepción del bien y del mal, provocando con ello que se tambaleara el sistema de valores impuestos.

The word medieval conjures images of the “Dark Ages”. But the myth of darkness obscures the truth; this was a remarkable period in human history. The Bright Ages recasts the European Middle Ages for what it was, capturing this 1,000-year era in all its complexity and fundamental humanity, bringing to light both its beauty and its horrors. The Bright Ages takes us through 10 centuries and crisscrosses Europe and the Mediterranean, Asia, and Africa, revisiting familiar people and events with new light cast upon them.

Given the personalities involved, the Third Crusade is among the most famous of the Crusades, and the Battle of Jaffa occurred on August 8, 1192 on the site of an ancient port that is now the oldest part of the city of Tel-Aviv, Israel. It was the encounter that brought the Third Crusade to a conclusion, and though it is not one of the better-known battles of the Crusades and certainly not the most spectacular in terms of battle numbers, it helped shape how the Middle East would look going forward.

The Italian Wars refers to a period of prolonged conflict between 1494 and 1559 when the major European powers of the time fought for control over Italy. While it began with a French attempt to gain control over the territory of Naples, it soon expanded to a general struggle between the royal houses of Valois and Habsburg - specifically, Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The Italian Wars represented a change in warfare tactics from the contract armies common in the Medieval period to full-time standing armies common in the modern era.

"Blauzahn", "Blutaxt" oder "Schönhaar" - die Beinamen der frühen Könige des Nordens sind so fantasievoll wie die Überlieferung ihrer Taten. Die Skalden vermischen in ihren Sagas Dichtung und Geschichtsschreibung zu einem Amalgam. Erst Knut der Große tritt aus dem Nebel der Sage und nimmt konkrete historische Konturen an. Der Däne schmiedet ein Imperium aus England, Dänemark, Norwegen und Schweden. Er ist ein maßvoller Herrscher mit Ambitionen: Angelsachsen und Wikinger sollen im Zeichen des Kreuzes zusammenwachsen. Knuts Vision steht auf tönernen Füßen.

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) dominated life in England and France for well over a century. It became the defining feature of existence for generations. This sweeping book is the first to tell the human story of the longest military conflict in history. Historian David Green focuses on the ways the war affected different groups, among them knights, clerics, women, peasants, soldiers, peacemakers, and kings.

Sotto la definizione di Medioevo rientra un intero millennio, nel corso del quale le armi, le tecniche, le strategie militari subirono profondi cambiamenti. Altrettanto estesa è la varietà dei fronti, dalla penisola iberica al Medio Oriente, passando attraverso l'Italia, i territori anglofrancesi e l'Europa orientale. La guerra medievale, inoltre, è contrassegnata da conflitti la cui portata ha rivestito un ruolo cruciale nella storia dell'umanità.

When the once-mighty city of Rome was sacked by barbarians in 410 and lay in ruins, it signaled the end of an era—and the beginning of a thousand years of profound transformation. In a gripping narrative bursting with big names—from St Augustine and Attila the Hun to the Prophet Muhammad and Eleanor of Aquitaine—Dan Jones charges through the history of the Middle Ages. Powers and Thrones takes listeners on a journey through an emerging Europe, the great capitals of late Antiquity, as well as the influential cities of the Islamic West.

Ricca e opulenta capitale crociata, Acri cade nel 1291 segnando la fine della presenza latina in Terrasanta. L'Occidente accolse attonito la notizia, vedendo spegnersi la speranza di riconquistare Gerusalemme.

Many ancient civilizations have influenced and inspired people in the 21st century, and the Greeks and Romans continue to fascinate the West today, but of all the world’s civilizations, none have intrigued people more than the Mayans, whose culture, astronomy, language, and mysterious disappearance all continue to captivate people. In the past decade especially, there has been a renewed focus on the Mayans, whose advanced calendar led many to speculate the world would end on the same date the Mayan calendar ended in 2012.