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Perhaps not surprisingly given how advanced they were in comparison to contemporaries, the Egyptians invented one of the first writing systems ever, and for centuries, people thought these ancient texts held some sort of secret, be it aliens, advanced technology lost to the world, or mystical cures for all of the world’s ills. Even the ancient Egyptians saw their writing systems as full of mystery and hidden knowledge - according to Egyptian mythology, writing was invented by the ibis-headed god Thoth, the most intellectual of the gods.

The Assyrians were the first people to make war a science. When the Assyrians are mentioned, images of war and brutality are among the first that come to mind, despite the fact that their culture prospered for nearly 2,000 years. A historical survey of ancient Assyrian culture reveals that although they were the supreme warriors of their time, they were also excellent merchants, diplomats, and highly literate people who recorded their history and religious rituals and ideology in great detail.

An Egyptian mystery that shows no signs of going away is the history of the archeological site known as Amarna, which is actually the name of the modern village that is closest to the ancient Egyptian city of Akhet-Aten. Akhet-Aten was built during the reign of one of Egypt’s most enigmatic pharaohs, Akhenaten, and modern archaeological studies have shown it was hastily built and almost as quickly abandoned. Although the city had a brief lifespan, it was vitally important at the time, so much so that the late 18th Dynasty has been named the Amarna Period by modern scholars.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the great pyramid at Giza, the ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world’s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world.

Given the abundance of funerary artifacts that have been found within the sands of Egypt, it sometimes seems as though the Ancient Egyptians were more concerned with the matters of the afterlife than they were with matters of the life they experienced from day to day. This is underscored most prominently by the pyramids, which have captured the world’s imagination for centuries.

Hathor: The History of the Ancient Egyptian Sky Goddess and Symbolic Mother of the Pharaohs examines the history of the deity, her characteristics, and her lasting legacy on Egypt. You will learn about Hathor like never before.

Abydos: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Egyptian Holy City and Burial Site examines the history of the city, and what life and death were like there. You will learn about Abydos like never before.

The Lost City of Heracleion: The History of the Ancient Egyptian City Now Underwater in the Mediterranean examines the history of the city and what life was like there. You will learn about Heracleion like never before.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world’s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world.

Anubis: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Egyptian God of the Afterlife looks at the god that had such a decisive impact on the Egyptians’ concepts of death and afterlife. You will learn about Anubis like never before.

Cuando los estudiosos estudian la historia del antiguo Cercano Oriente, a menudo se destacan varias guerras que tuvieron consecuencias extremadamente brutales (al menos para los estándares modernos). La eliminación forzada de poblaciones enteras, los asedios que diezmaron ciudades enteras y la destrucción ilícita de propiedades fueron tácticas utilizadas por los diversos pueblos del antiguo Cercano Oriente unos contra otros, pero los asirios fueron los primeros en hacer de la guerra una ciencia.

Quando arqueólogos americanos descobriram uma coleção de tabuletas cuneiformes no Iraque, ao final do século XIX, eles se depararam com uma linguagem e um povo que, naquela época, era pouco conhecido até mesmo pelos estudiosos mais instruídos da antiga Mesopotâmia: os sumérios. As explorações e conquistas de outros povos mesopotâmicos, como os assírios e babilônios, já eram conhecidas por um grande segmento da população através do Antigo Testamento....

Quando arqueólogos americanos descobriram uma coleção de tabuletas cuneiformes no Iraque, ao final do século XIX, eles se depararam com uma linguagem e um povo que, naquela época, era pouco conhecido até mesmo pelos estudiosos mais instruídos da antiga Mesopotâmia: os sumérios.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the library and lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world’s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world’s first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art that spread across the known world.

Embora os sumérios continuem recebendo o segundo ou mesmo o terceiro faturamento em comparação aos babilônios e assírios, - talvez porque eles nunca construíram um império tão grandioso quanto os assírios ou nunca estabeleceram uma cidade tão grande e duradoura como a Babilônia - eles foram o povo que forneceu o modelo de civilização no qual todos os posteriores mesopotâmicos basearam-se. Os sumérios são creditados como sendo o primeiro povo a inventar a escrita e construir bibliotecas, cidades e escolas na Mesopotâmia (Ziskind 1972, 34).

De todos los pueblos del antiguo cercano oriente, los fenicios están entre los más reconocidos, pero quizás también entre los menos comprendidos. Los fenicios nunca construyeron un imperio como los egipcios y los asirios; de hecho, los fenicios nunca crearon un estado fenicio único, en cambio existieron como ciudades-estados que eran reinos independientes, dispersos por toda la región del Mediterráneo.

En el sur de Irak hay un silencio aplastante sobre las dunas. Durante casi 5.000 años, las arenas del desierto iraquí han mantenido los restos de la civilización conocida más antigua: los sumerios. Cuando los arqueólogos estadounidenses descubrieron una colección de tablas cuneiformes en Irak a finales del siglo XIX, se encontraron con un idioma y un pueblo que en aquel momento apenas eran conocidos por los estudiosos especializados en la antigua Mesopotamia.

Africa may have given rise to the first human beings, and Egypt probably gave rise to the first great civilizations, which continue to fascinate modern societies across the globe nearly 5,000 years later. From the Library and Lighthouse of Alexandria to the Great Pyramid at Giza, the Ancient Egyptians produced several wonders of the world, revolutionized architecture and construction, created some of the world's first systems of mathematics and medicine, and established language and art.

The ancient world was full of many fantastic cities and places, and like today's major cities, the great ancient cities were hubs of trade, religion, and science. Among the many cities of the ancient world, Rome and Athens may come to mind first, but the city of Babylon in the land of Mesopotamia was already an ancient, venerated city when the others were still inconsequential settlements