検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability.

Brought to you by Penguin. In Future Words, Dominique Chen invites readers into a life shaped by multiple languages, cultures and disciplines. Born in Tokyo, Chen grew up moving between Japan, France and the United States, speaking several languages in overlapping ways. Here his journey – from...

Every lie constructs a world. For as long as it is believed, that world is as real as any other, shaping decisions, emotions, and the trajectory of lives. In this deeply personal and intellectually ambitious book, Boris Kriger dismantles our assumptions about deception and rebuilds them from the ground up, revealing lying not as a simple moral failing but as a structural feature of how information moves between minds, whether those minds are human or artificial.

Die adjektivische Passiversatzform 'unverständlich' ist transformierbar in den Ausdruck 'kann nicht verstanden werden'. Das Modalverb 'können' hat typischerweise drei Funktionen: Kompetenz, Möglichkeit, Erlaubnis. An jeder schriftlichen Kommunikation sind (sehr einfach ausgedrückt) mindestens drei Momente beteiligt: ein Produzent, Zeichen, ein Rezipient. Wenn ein Zeichen, ein Wort, ein Satz, ein Text als 'unverständlich' bewertet wird, ist fragbar: Warum? "Die Fragmente von Friedrich Schlegel sind unverständlich." Mögliche Gründe: (1) Der Autor hat nicht die Kompetenz, sich verständlich mitzuteilen.

“Everybody argues; not everybody knows how to argue.” This phrase is incredibly accurate. You see, logical fallacies are everywhere. They can be used to manipulate people or turn an argument sour, derailing it from the get-go. This audiobook will give you the tools to fight logical fallacies and make your arguments completely bulletproof logically. Moreover, if you want to be a great debater, it will help you learn all the ins and outs of logical fallacies so you can laugh (inside) as your opponent gets stuck in them.

Curious, confounding and brilliant, Wittgenstein is a philosopher whom people find it easy to get obsessed with. In Investigating Wittgenstein, Giles Fraser explores the secrets of his attraction. The How to Believe series explores the teachings, philosophies and beliefs of major thinkers and religious texts. In a short, easy-to-access format, leading writers present new understandings of these perennially important ideas.

All effective debaters, whether they know it or not, employ Aristotle's 3 basic principles of effective argument that form the spine of Rhetoric. In Poetics, Aristotle draws a dramatic distinction between poetry and history. This collection also includes Aristotle's body of work that has come to be identified as Logic.

This guide will teach you how to analyse arguments, speeches, and newspaper articles. It will help you discern faults in reasoning from sound arguments. It looks at the structure of language in order to demonstrate rules by which you can identify good analytical thinking, and will help you to formulate clear, defensible arguments. With real life newspaper extracts, a glossary, exercises and answers, and a guide to essay writing, this is an invaluable tool for both students and general readers.

Throughout history philosophers have sought to define, understand, and delineate concepts important to human well-being. One such concept is "knowledge." Many philosophers believed that absolute, certain knowledge, is possible—that the physical world and ideas formulated about it could be given solid foundation unaffected by the varieties of mere opinion.

Diese EINE Eigenschaft ist die Grundlage für deine Fähigkeit, kritisch zu denken. Weißt du, was das ist? Es ist die Fähigkeit, die RICHTIGEN Fragen zu stellen. Was wäre das Leben ohne Fragen? Es gab eine Zeit, in der man sich darauf verlassen konnte, dass die Antworten, die man von der Regierung, den Medien, der Religion, von Fachleuten, Freunden und der Familie erhielt, richtig waren.

If you want to impress people with your critical-thinking skills, then check out this comprehensive audiobook with two manuscripts in one: Critical Thinking and Logical Fallacies.

We all know eloquence when we hear it. But what exactly is it? And how might we gain more of it for ourselves? This entertaining and, yes, eloquent audiobook illuminates the power of language from a linguistic point of view and provides fascinating insights into the way we use words. David Crystal, a world-renowned expert on the history and usage of the English language, probes the intricate workings of eloquence in this lively analysis. Crystal focuses on the here and now of eloquent speaking - from pitch, pace, and prosody to jokes, appropriateness, and how to wield a microphone.

This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions.

Perché un candidato alla Presidenza degli Stati Uniti può vincere le elezioni sbraitando menzogne come "Costruirò un muro fra gli Stati Uniti e il Messico e sarà il Messico a pagarlo"? Perché abbiamo voglia di comprare una confezione di Nespresso dopo aver visto l'ennesima pubblicità con George Clooney? Perché se ci troviamo in una città sconosciuta camminiamo con lo sguardo incollato allo schermo del telefonino, preoccupati solo di non perdere di vista Google Maps?

Think Like Socrates doesn’t go into boring details and endless philosophical methodology. It provides you instead with lessons from one of the best philosophers in human history, Socrates, and keeps you hooked as you explore the fascinating techniques of the thinking genius. Socrates is often mentioned as the founder of Western philosophy. He encouraged his students to think for themselves instead of having someone provide the solution. He was an excellent communicator and questioner. He is a human worth examining.

Forget the language instinct—this is the story of how we make up language as we go Language is perhaps humanity’s most astonishing capacity—and one that remains poorly understood. In The Language Game, cognitive scientists Morten H. Christiansen and Nick Chater show us where...

Le "Discours de la méthode" est un texte composite, assez peu méthodique en vérité, qui touche à la morale, à la logique, aux sciences. La méthode proprement dite se résume en peu de règles : "ne recevoir jamais aucune chose pour vraie, que je ne la connusse évidemment être telle" ; "diviser chacune des difficultés que j'examinerais" ; "conduire par ordre mes pensées" et m'assurer, par des "dénombrements si entiers, et des revues si générales", de n'avoir rien omis dans ces "chaînes de raisons", sur le modèle des géomètres.

Hegels Logik von 1812 komplett (aber ohne die Anmerkungen) in 36 Stunden vorgelesen und mit einem ausführlichen Inhalts- und Trackverzeichnis versehen.

Many insiders in the tech plex are deeply concerned about AI's trajectory—rightly seeing it as existential risk. Dr. Marc Gafni identifies two forms: the potential death of humanity through extinction events, and the potential death of our humanity. We become irrelevant to governance and economics, unneeded as workers, controlled by systems that shape our desires, stripped of genuine choice—heading toward a totalitarian global digital dictatorship. In this monograph, Dr. Marc Gafni offers a multilayered diagnosis of our AI moment—one that far exceeds technological concerns.

The Freakonomics of math—a math-world superstar unveils the hidden beauty and logic of the world and puts its power in our hands The math we learn in school can seem like a dull set of rules, laid down by the ancients and not to be questioned. In How Not to Be Wrong, Jordan Ellenberg shows us...

मौज दिवाळी २०२० मेरी मर्जी लेखक - बाळ फोंडके सह - उदय सबनीस आपल्याला जी इच्छा होते ती खरोखरच स्वतःची असते का...

This audiobook proposes a radical yet disciplined thesis: the Gospel is not only interpretable, but formally expressible, and its internal structure requires formalization if it is to remain stable, transmissible, and intelligible across radically different forms of intelligence.

A book about why humans think irrationally — and why logic fails in the real world. We live in an age of information and still make emotional, biased, and mathematically insane decisions. Why? Because the human brain is wired for story over statistics, tribe over truth, and certainty over reality. In When Logic Betrays You, Kevin L. Whitworth blends cognitive psychology, behavioral science, and dark humor to expose how cognitive biases sabotage critical thinking.

I saggi di questo volume, che toccano la politica, la religione, la letteratura, la filosofia, la matematica e la scienza, sono raccolti in sezioni che si aprono con interviste immaginarie a personaggi del passato (Hitler, Gesù, Dante, Aristotele, Archimede, Newton) e si chiudono con interviste reali a quelli del presente (Chomsky, il Dalai Lama, Saramago, Kripke, Nash e Watson). Nel mezzo, il matematico impertinente dispiega l'arsenale della ragione per argomentare che non è affatto vero che non possiamo non dirci cristiani, o che siamo tutti americani.

La tesi di Murgia è che l'odio possa essere una virtù, dipende da come lo pratichiamo. Per esempio, con Odio gli indifferenti Antonio Gramsci ha mostrato che, se riconosciuto e disciplinato, questo sentimento non è per forza distruttivo. Passando dalle maledizioni sarde ai salmi biblici, da Grazia Deledda alle lettere di san Paolo, Murgia smonta i nostri pregiudizi e rivendica il diritto di odiare – specialmente i prevaricatori, i prepotenti, tutti coloro che non credono nella responsabilità collettiva del bene.

Publicado en 1895, este breve diálogo filosófico entre Aquiles y una tortuga, es una parábola lógica inspirada en la famosa paradoja de Zenón, pero aplicada a la lógica del razonamiento en lugar del movimiento físico. En la historia, Aquiles intenta convencer a la tortuga de aceptar una conclusión lógica (Z) derivada de dos premisas (A y B). La tortuga acepta A y B, pero se niega a aceptar Z, argumentando que necesitaría otra premisa adicional (C): «Si A y B son verdaderas, entonces Z debe ser verdadera.

Language does not merely divide or connect; it resonates. The Mutual Enrichment of Languages explores the hidden kinship among the Germanic tongues and reveals how meaning expands when words diverge yet remain bound by a shared inner form. Moving beyond academic linguistics, this book offers a philosophical exploration of how recognition arises in the mind when familiar roots return in altered shapes across Dutch, German, Norwegian, Swedish, and Old English.

You've been here before. You make a solid point, logically sound, only to watch the conversation get hijacked. Suddenly, you're defending against a ridiculous exaggeration, a personal jab, or clever-sounding nonsense that has nothing to do with what you said. You get frustrated, derailed, and defeated—even though you know you're correct. You know you're right—so why do you keep losing the argument?

The Limit of Complexity is a philosophical investigation into one of the defining conditions of the contemporary world: the moment when complexity, once a source of power and progress, begins to turn against the systems that generate it. Moving across natural systems, economics, technology, politics, ethics, and human cognition, Boris Kriger examines how accumulation, interconnection, and scale quietly transform coherence into fragility. This book does not oppose complexity, nor does it idealize simplicity.

Logic For Dummies, 2nd Edition explains all the varied ways we use logic in philosophy, science, and everyday life. College students taking a logic course and lifelong learners alike can benefit from this accessible guide to logic concepts―such as syllogisms, constructing proofs and...

Le politiquement correct va-t-il tuer notre langue française ? La question est posée depuis déjà quelques années. Et la réponse met en danger les multiples trésors de nos dictionnaires. Plus d'offenses, certes, mais plus de nuances non plus ! Choisir le bon mot est la base d'une expression précise. Aujourd'hui, la façon de s'exprimer est trop souvent guidée par la prudence ou la volonté de ne surtout pas réveiller les garants d'une morale parfois imaginaire.

This audiobook explores metaphor not as an ornament of language but as the fundamental mechanism of human cognition. It argues that every act of understanding—scientific, poetic, or everyday—is rooted in the transfer of structure from one experiential domain to another. Metaphor is presented as the mind’s first technology, a generative tool through which complexity is compressed into meaningful form. Far from being a deviation from literal speech, it is shown to be the very fabric of thought itself, underlying logic, mathematics, and the formation of conceptual categories.

En este análisis de los debates alrededor del discurso de odio, la pornografía y la homosexualidad, Butler sostiene que las palabras pueden herir y que la violencia lingüística es un tipo de violencia particular. También sostiene que este discurso es emocional y fluido porque sus efectos a menudo escapan al control del hablante, moldeados por la fantasía, el contexto y las estructuras de poder.

Se trata de una colección de poemas, oraciones, pensamientos y citas célebres que han sido escritas a través del tiempo por grandes pensadores, filósofos y humanistas, desde Confucio hasta Mario Benedetti, pasando por Séneca, San Francisco de Asís, Abraham Lincoln, Rudyard Kipling, Gibrán Jalil, Gabriela Mistral, Mahatma Gandhi, Napoleón Hill, Luther King y Og Mandino, entre otros; grandes personajes que nos brindan su particular visión de la vida.

The Thinking Toolbox has been the best selling text for teaching critical thinking skills and introduction to logic for over 15 years. This book is like a toolbox, full of different kinds of tools you can use for different thinking tasks. Just as you use the wrench in a regular tool box to fix the sink, so you can use the tools we give you in this book to solve thinking problems.

This short audio on logic argues that logic and science can go hand in hand, and that, by taking observations of perceptions and sensations, and applying logical analysis to them, you have the power to build conceptual models and frameworks that you can use in order to predict what you should do in the future and to reason how to solve the problems in your life.

This is an essay on forgiveness, not in the religious sense, but in a purely secular meaning, as in, when one person forgives another person for something they did wrong. The primary focus is on self-forgiveness, where a person forgives themselves, a concept which this essay explains as "moral bankruptcy," using debts and credits and bankruptcy and economics and finance as a metaphor for the moral debts and moral credits that you owe to yourself and to others, that you owe it to yourself to be a good person.

Why do we love to swear so much? Why do we get so offended when others do it? In this lively and amusing exploration of the various puzzles that surround swearing, philosopher Rebecca Roache argues that what makes swearing offensive is not really the words at all: the offensiveness lies in what we don't say. The unspoken—and usually unconscious—inferences that speakers and listeners make about each other are key to explaining swearwords' capacity to shock.

Während der Cola-Kriege in den 1980er-Jahren wetteiferten Coca-Cola und Pepsi darum, Amerikas beliebteste Limonade zu werden. Doch Coca-Cola nutzte diese Fähigkeit nicht zum richtigen Zeitpunkt und dieser Fehler hätte beinahe eines der ältesten und wertvollsten Unternehmen Amerikas in den Ruin getrieben.

Our Global Lingua Franca is an essential companion for both native and non-native English instructors navigating the challenges of sub-par language learning. It will validate your frustrations about learning and teaching under the conventional approach to EFL. Intelligent without being overly academic, it offers invaluable outside-the-box advice on reading, writing, listening, speaking, grammar, vocabulary, and pragmatics to help you impart conversational English fluency and beyond.

The Rules of Persuasion not only explains exactly how persuasion works in all forms of human communication, but it also presents a clear and effective model you can use to put the elements and chemistry of persuasion to work for you in your personal and professional lives.