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Counsels and Maxims is a classic work by noted German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. His work has influenced some of the modern world's greatest thinkers, including Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Erwin Schrödinger. This piece was originally translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders.

Arthur Schopenhauers Aphorismen zur Lebensweisheit liefern Denkanstöße zur Corona-Krise. Wie wichtig ist es, Leid zu vermeiden? Wie wichtig ist es demgegenüber, sich zu vergnügen? Wie viel geht verloren, wenn wir mit dem Ziele, Leid zu vermeiden, Feiern und größere Treffen absagen? In geschliffener Sprache und mit einer Prise Humor schildert Schopenhauer seinen pessimistischen Blick auf das Leben. In der Pandemie regt Schopenhauers zeitloser Text an, das ein oder andere abgesagte Fest mit größerer Gelassenheit zu nehmen. Gelesen von Benjamin Lucas.

The empirical sciences make assumptions that they are not themselves capable of justifying. Philosophy justifies those assumptions; that is its job. Sound interesting? The author thinks so too! Listen to Philosophical Knowledge, and learn about philosophy.

In On the Firmness of the Wise Man Seneca argues that Stoicism is not as harsh as it first appears. Recalling the figure of Cato the Younger, Seneca argues that Cato as a wise person suffered neither injury nor insult. Although Serenus objects to this paradox, Seneca provides further analogies to emphasize the impervious nature of the wise person. In chapter 5 Seneca distinguishes between contumelia (insults) and iniuria (injuries).

On Liberty is an 1859 philosophical treatise by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873) which applies an ethical system of utilitarianism to society and the state. Mill starts with a brief overview of the meaning of liberty and proffers his basic argument in favor of liberty for the individual, to the degree that it harms no one else. The value of liberty of opinion and liberty of action are set forth in two chapters.

In "Black Africa: The Economic and Cultural Basis for a Federated State," Senegalese scholar Cheikh Anta Diop boldly calls for the unification of Black African nations. He argues that colonial borders fractured regions with shared cultures and economies, hindering progress. Diop proposes a unified state for greater global influence, emphasizing cultural revival and a common African language.