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Thus Spake Zarathustra is a philosophical novel by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The work’s hybrid narrative encompasses philosophical sayings, fiction, and poetry, and also serves as a parody of and amendment to the Bible. The plot, a chronicle of fictitious speeches and travels attributed to the ancient sage Zarathustra or Zoroaster, emerges only sporadically throughout the text. Quite different from the historical figure, Nietzsche’s Zarathustra turns morality around and severely criticizes religion, which he views as "the worship of death".

Orthodoxy (1908) by G. K. Chesterton is a classic of Christian apologetics. The audiobook is a companion to his volume of essays titled Heretics, and focuses on the Apostles' Creed. It was written when Chesterton was an Anglican; he converted to Catholicism 14 years later. The prose is witty and incisive, meaning Chesterton at the height of his power.

This work covers Darwin's part in the second survey expedition of the ship HMS Beagle. It is both a travel memoir and a scientific field journal of anthropological, biological, and geological interest. Darwin conveys his fascination with the natural world in an engaging writing style.

Edgar Allan Poe’s essay, "The Philosophy of Composition", sets forth a theory on good writing. It first appeared in the April 1846 issue of Graham's Magazine, and Poe illustrates his theory on the composition of his poem, "The Raven". The three main elements of his philosophy of composition are length, logical method, and "unity of effect". Poe believed that literary works should be short, claimed that writing is methodical, not spontaneous, and asserted that a work of fiction ought to be written only after the author has decided on the conclusion.

Aristotle's Poetics (335 BCE) is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first surviving philosophical treatise on dramatic or literary theory. The work begins with a preliminary discourse on tragedy, epic poetry, and comedy as the chief forms of imitative poetry. By "imitative", Aristotle means the imitation of action in words as a creative process. He distinguishes comedy, tragedy, the satyr play, lyric poetry, and epic poetry by their differences in musical rhythm, harmony, meter, melody, nature of the characters, and the manner in which the narrative is presented.

Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits was originally published in 1878. The work is Nietzsche's first in the aphoristic style and discusses a range of concepts in brief paragraphs. It represents the start of Nietzsche's "middle period", in which he breaks with German Romanticism and Wagner.

Published in 1886, Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future is a work which expands the ideas on Nietzsche’s previous work, Thus Spake Zarathustra. The book comprises 296 aphorisms arranged thematically into nine chapters. In the preface, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of dogmatism, and in the first chapter he claims that every famous philosophy is merely a personal confession.

Herbert Stanley Redgrove (1887-1943) was a chemist and founding member of the Alchemical Society in London. The most important alchemical theories are discussed in the first part, while the second deals with notable alchemists.

Published in the February 1916 issue of her magazine, Mother Earth, Goldman states that it is only by totally rejecting the idea of God that mankind can break away from the crutch of religion and achieve true freedom. Goldman argued that religion is irrational, destructive, and harmful.

In this essay, Emma Goldman refers to the negative image of anarchism in the public mind. She explains why anarchists on principle oppose the organization called the state, and argues that once free from the restrictions of extraneous authority, men will enter into free relations and bring about a free society.

Emma Goldman was a political advocate for absolute freedom for the individual. A New Declaration of Independence was published in 1909 in the journal, Mother Earth, and encouraged all persons regardless of race, background, or ethnicity to stand up for themselves and eliminate society’s inequalities.

In this pamphlet, Emma Goldman criticises Christianity as society’s fundamental support structure. She considered herself as the heir of German iconoclasts like Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner. In her view, Christianity undermined human potential by stripping people of their strength, courage, and agency.

Revolution and Counter-Revolution is a book by Friedrich Engels, with contributions by Karl Marx. The book is an account of the 1848 riots in various German states. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism.

The game of chess has long be used a microcosm for everything from international politics to war. In The Morals of Chess, an essay originally published in The Columbian Magazine in 1786, Benjamin Franklin, American founding father, polymath, and thinker, tackles this intricate game and likens it to life itself. Franklin discusses what he believes to be key virtues one must possess to be happy, successful, and productive in life, and illustrates these virtues, such a patience and circumspection, within the context of the game of chess.

Aristotle’s influence on western philosophy is immense. In this work, he claimed that everything that is learned in life is learned through sensory perception. He was also the first philosopher to establish the foundational principles of logic.

"Sense and Sensibilia" is one of the short treatises by Aristotle that make up the Parva Naturalia. He discusses attributes, like those that are common to all living things. They include waking and sleeping, youth and old age, inhalation and exhalation, life and death.

Aristotle’s writings cover many subjects, including aesthetics, biology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government. They constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. "On Sleep and Sleeplessness" attempts to explain the reasons for sleeping. He argues that sleep and wakefulness are both affections of the activity of the primary faculty of sense-perception.

"Manifesto of the Communist Party" is an 1848 political pamphlet by the Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle and the conflicts of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production.

Albert Libertad was a French anarchist militant and essayist active during the late 19th/early 20th century. Libertad is most well-known as the editor of the influential anarchist publication L’Anarchie, circulated throughout France and beyond. Libertad excelled in crafting cutting-edge, norm-defiant, intelligent essays and articles, and the essay "Liberty" is no exception. People are commonly struck with Libertad’s impassioned yet well thought out and calculated style of delivering his message.

Robert G. Ingersoll (1833-1899) was an enlightened freethinker and an advocate of rational thought. He argues that heresy is the name given by the powerful to the doctrine of the weak. He praised heresy as “the eternal dawn, the morning star, the glittering herald of the day" and "the eternal horizon of progress.”