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Edgar Allan Poe’s essay, "The Philosophy of Composition", sets forth a theory on good writing. It first appeared in the April 1846 issue of Graham's Magazine, and Poe illustrates his theory on the composition of his poem, "The Raven". The three main elements of his philosophy of composition are length, logical method, and "unity of effect". Poe believed that literary works should be short, claimed that writing is methodical, not spontaneous, and asserted that a work of fiction ought to be written only after the author has decided on the conclusion.

Aristotle's Poetics (335 BCE) is the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first surviving philosophical treatise on dramatic or literary theory. The work begins with a preliminary discourse on tragedy, epic poetry, and comedy as the chief forms of imitative poetry. By "imitative", Aristotle means the imitation of action in words as a creative process. He distinguishes comedy, tragedy, the satyr play, lyric poetry, and epic poetry by their differences in musical rhythm, harmony, meter, melody, nature of the characters, and the manner in which the narrative is presented.

The tale begins with an experiment to enable a woman named Mary to experience the supernatural realm, which turns her into an idiot. Then follows an account of a series of mysterious occurrences and deaths surrounding a sinister woman named Helen Vaughan. The protagonists eventually confront Helen and forces her to kill herself. Before dying, she undergoes a series of spooky transformations that reveals her to be the daughter of the ill-fated Mary and the god Pan.

Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits was originally published in 1878. The work is Nietzsche's first in the aphoristic style and discusses a range of concepts in brief paragraphs. It represents the start of Nietzsche's "middle period", in which he breaks with German Romanticism and Wagner.

Published in 1886, Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future is a work which expands the ideas on Nietzsche’s previous work, Thus Spake Zarathustra. The book comprises 296 aphorisms arranged thematically into nine chapters. In the preface, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of dogmatism, and in the first chapter he claims that every famous philosophy is merely a personal confession.

This 1902 essay collection by the Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin explore the role of mutually beneficial cooperation and reciprocity in the animal kingdom and human societies. It is an argument against theories of social Darwinism that emphasize competition and survival of the fittest, and against the romantic views of writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau who thought that cooperation was motivated by universal love.

Herbert Stanley Redgrove (1887-1943) was a chemist and founding member of the Alchemical Society in London. The most important alchemical theories are discussed in the first part, while the second deals with notable alchemists.

The Blind African Slave is the life story of Jeffrey Brace (né Boyrereau Brinch), who was born in West Africa around 1742. He was captured by slave traders, transported to Barbados, and sold to an owner in New England. After gaining his freedom, Brace became a well-respected abolitionist.

Published in the February 1916 issue of her magazine, Mother Earth, Goldman states that it is only by totally rejecting the idea of God that mankind can break away from the crutch of religion and achieve true freedom. Goldman argued that religion is irrational, destructive, and harmful.

In this essay, Emma Goldman refers to the negative image of anarchism in the public mind. She explains why anarchists on principle oppose the organization called the state, and argues that once free from the restrictions of extraneous authority, men will enter into free relations and bring about a free society.

Emma Goldman was a political advocate for absolute freedom for the individual. A New Declaration of Independence was published in 1909 in the journal, Mother Earth, and encouraged all persons regardless of race, background, or ethnicity to stand up for themselves and eliminate society’s inequalities.

The Miraculous Prophecies, Predictions, and Strange Visions of Sundry Eminent Men is an old English book which explores various mysteries, and the visions and predictions of seers like Nostradamus.

In this pamphlet, Emma Goldman criticises Christianity as society’s fundamental support structure. She considered herself as the heir of German iconoclasts like Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner. In her view, Christianity undermined human potential by stripping people of their strength, courage, and agency.

Mohammed Ali ben Said (later renamed Nicholas Said) was born in North Africa and enslaved when he was 12 years old. During his eventful life, he traveled to five continents, learned seven languages, served princes and diplomats, fought in the Union Army, and recorded his life story in his own words. He finally settled in Alabama, and his autobiography was published in 1873.

Revolution and Counter-Revolution is a book by Friedrich Engels, with contributions by Karl Marx. The book is an account of the 1848 riots in various German states. Events in Austria and Prussia are discussed, along with the role of the Poles and Czechs and Panslavism.

There have been innumerable biographies for Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States - the leader most widely known for leading the US through the American Civil War and ending slavery, but none quite stand apart from the rest like The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, published in 2013.

First published in 1789, this autobiography of Olaudah Equiano comprises a variety of styles, such as a slavery narrative, travel tale, and spiritual journey. It recounts Equiano's time as a slave, and chronicles his attempts at becoming an independent man through his study of the Bible, and his eventual success in gaining his freedom.

In May 1874, Dan W. Roberts was given his commission as second lieutenant of Company "D" of the Ranger Battalion; he would remain with them for the next eight years. During his time with the Texas Rangers, Roberts was active in protecting settlers, quelling unrest, arresting stage coach robbers, and assisting the army in building roads. His account of his time with the Rangers was published in 1914.

The game of chess has long be used a microcosm for everything from international politics to war. In The Morals of Chess, an essay originally published in The Columbian Magazine in 1786, Benjamin Franklin, American founding father, polymath, and thinker, tackles this intricate game and likens it to life itself. Franklin discusses what he believes to be key virtues one must possess to be happy, successful, and productive in life, and illustrates these virtues, such a patience and circumspection, within the context of the game of chess.

An examination of the politics and social mores of Queen Anne's reign. The book includes sections on the War of Spanish succession, politics, literature, and society and manners. Queen Anne’s reign had lasting effects, like the dominance of the Church of England, The Act of Union, and the flowering of literature.