検索キーワード： 19世紀

The Battle of Waterloo has become synonymous with the word defeat, but who lost, and why was it important? In 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte left the island of Elba and, in a space of 100 days, took power and challenged the entire world to meet him on his terms. When that failed, he offered them a fight, one that would end at Waterloo, and left repercussions which can still be felt, even now, centuries later.

The bloodiest battle of the Civil War was also its turning point. From this point onwards, the Confederate forces would never gain a hold in the North again. Heroes would be born from places such as Little Roundtop and among the soldiers of Picketts Charge. And later, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, martyrs were created in the aftermath of the conflict, giving reason to a war that no one quite believed in fully until this point.

The Battle of Antietam was a turning point in the Civil War. In the span of several hours, there would be more loss of American life than in any other battle before or since, leaving one in four of the soldiers who took part either dead or wounded by the end of the day. What led to such a disastrous conclusion? And could something positive come from such an appalling massacre? The focus of the war was about to change. So, too, was how the American people viewed war as a whole.

In 1884, Otto von Bismarck, the German chancellor, brought the plenipotentiaries of all major powers of Europe together, to deal with Africa's colonization in such a manner as to avoid provocation of war. This event—known as the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885—galvanized a phenomenon that came to be known as the Scramble for Africa.

Beginning with the birth of the nation, slavery divided and caused conflict for the United States of America, worsening during the country's early decades as the practice became more economically vital. Finally, in 1861, the American Civil War erupted after the election of President Abraham Lincoln. Never acknowledging the South’s right to secede, Lincoln and the North fought the South through four long, bloody, destructive years; much longer than anyone thought the war would last.

In this, his best-known work, the controversial American economist and social critic Thorstein Veblen appropriates Darwin's theory of evolution to analyze the modern industrial system. For Veblen, the shallowness and superficiality observed in society results from the tendency to believe that true accomplishment lies in arriving at a condition of ostentatious wealth and status.

What did 19th-century cities smell like? And how did odors matter in the formation of a modern environmental consciousness? Smell Detectives follows the 19th-century Americans who used their noses to make sense of the sanitary challenges caused by rapid urban and industrial growth.

The War of 1812 is often forgotten when we think about the history of the United States. Yet, the effects of what seems a minor and insignificant conflict are far-reaching, even today. The world settled into the roles it would play out for decades, and the boundaries of the United States and Canada would be set for the next two hundred years. Unlikely heroes would rise, leading to eventual power, while Native Americans play out their own struggle on a backdrop of bloodshed and intrigue.

Ein schwäbischer Maurer, ein Dorfschullehrer aus dem Hunsrück, ein Barbier aus der Pfalz: Soldaten unterschiedlichster Herkunft kämpften in den Napoleonischen Kriegen für die politischen Ziele des französischen Kaisers. Wie erlebten sie den Krieg? Karl J. Mayer gibt in diesem Hörbuch den einfachen Soldaten Stimme und Gesicht. Aus Tagebüchern und Briefen entsteht ein facettenreiches Bild vom Alltag der gemeinen Soldaten, angereichert mit Hintergrundinformationen zur Ereignisgeschichte der Zeit. Lesefassung des gleichnamigen Buches aus dem Primus Verlag.

Das Rom des 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert war die Hauptstadt eines kleinen Staates und zugleich das Herz des christlichen Europa. Botschafter, Kardinäle, Könige aller Länder trafen sich am päpstlichen Hof. Politische Verhandlungen wechselten mit pompösen Festen, eifersüchtig wachten die Vertreter der verschiedenen Nationen über ihre Privilegien oder auch über die stadtbekannten Schönen.

Wallenstein (1583-1634) ist eine Ausnahmefigur, faszinierend wie unerklärlich: Ein begnadetes Militärgenie und kühl kalkulierender Unternehmer, oder aber ein von Horoskopen abhängiger Zauderer? Dem Kaiser und der katholischen Sache treu ergeben oder maßlos egoistisch, ein Verräter? Ihn umgeben bis heute viele Rätsel.

Alles begann im Januar 1891 mit einer Sex-Party im Berliner Jagdschloss Grunewald. Teilgenommen hatten rund 15 adlige Damen und Herren der Hofgesellschaft - einige davon pikanterweise enge Verwandte Wilhelms II. Als ihr sexuelles Treiben in anonymen und mit pornographischen Fotos versehenen Briefen angeprangert wurde und der Inhalt der Briefe an die Öffentlichkeit durchsickerte, zog der Skandal rasch immer weitere Kreise. Als Verfasser der Briefe verdächtigt wurde Zeremonienmeister Leberecht von Kotze.

Am 26. Juni 1813 trafen sich im Palais Marcolini in Dresden die großen Kontrahenten Napoleon und Metternich zu einer achtstündigen Unterredung. Nach der Katastrophe in Russland steht für den Kaiser alles auf dem Spiel: Ausgleich mit Österreich oder aber Aufstand Europas und sein Untergang? Napoleon bleibt dem Gesetz des Eroberers treu. Ausmanövriert von Metternich weicht er keinen Schritt von seinen Ansprüchen zurück.

'They have left here today!' he calls to the others. When King puts his hand down above the ashes of the fire, it is to find it still hot. There is even a tiny flame flickering from the end of one log. They must have left just hours ago. MELBOURNE, 20 AUGUST 1860. In an ambitious quest to be the...

From a preeminent scholar of Eastern Europe and the prizewinning author of Chernobyl, the essential history of Russian imperialism. In 2014, Russia annexed the Crimea and attempted to seize a portion of Ukraine -- only the latest iteration of a centuries-long effort to expand Russian boundaries...

The world is filled with mysteries, and even in the modern age, much of the planet remains unexplored. The depths of the oceans and the intricate and extensive cave systems that honeycomb some parts of the Earth are still largely unknown. Thus, it should come as no surprise that when it comes to this terra incognita, people have projected all sorts of ideas.

The Civil War represented a momentous change in the character of war. It combined the projection of military might across a continent on a scale never before seen with an unprecedented mass mobilization of peoples. Yet despite the revolutionizing aspects of the Civil War, its leaders faced the same uncertainties that have vexed combatants since the days of Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War.

In 1895, nine American heiresses travelled across the Atlantic to bag themselves husbands and titles. For the English gentlemen the girls married it was a way to secure their estates. For the girls who came from new money, marriage was a means to obtaining social prestige. The Transatlantic Marriage Bureau tells the stories of these nine heiresses and the remarkable women who made it happen - the unofficial marriage brokers Lady Minnie-Paget and Consuelo Yzanga, Duchess of Manchester.

It has often been said that the greatest invention of all time was the sail, which facilitated the internationalization of the globe and thus ushered in the modern era. Columbus' contact with the New World, alongside European maritime contact with the Far East, transformed human history, and in particular, the history of Africa. It was the sail that linked the continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe, and thus it was also the sail that facilitated the greatest involuntary human migrations in history.

While 1858 in London may have been noteworthy for its broiling summer months and the related stench of the sewage-filled Thames River, the year is otherwise little remembered. And yet, historian Rosemary Ashton reveals in this compelling microhistory, 1858 was marked by significant, if unrecognized, turning points. For ordinary people, and also for the rich, famous, and powerful, the months from May to August turned out to be a summer of consequence.