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When the Arsenal Blew: 21 Women Lost to One Sunlit Mistake

When the Arsenal Blew: 21 Women Lost to One Sunlit Mistake

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When the Arsenal Blew: 21 Women Lost to One Sunlit Mistake

Heat, gunpowder, and a single flare: on June 17, 1864, a sunlit tray of drying signal flares set off a blast that would kill 21 women at the Washington Arsenal - a workplace that had produced over 16.5 million rounds by 1862. How did a decision to dry flares on the grass beside a hundred-foot building turn into one of the war's deadliest workplace disasters?

In this episode, we tell what the transcript records about the day, the people, and the choices that led to the explosion, laying out the scene, the materials involved, and the unanswered questions that remained after investigators left. What responsibility did the superintendent bear, and why did the same ground explode again less than two years later?

Date: June 17, 1864
Location: Washington Arsenal, peninsula where the Potomac and Anacostia meet
Event: Explosion that killed 21 women
Person: Tom Brown (superintendent who set flares to dry)
Production: 16.5 million rounds counted at the Arsenal by 1862

- 108 women were working at benches inside the hundred-foot building that morning.
- The women had raised $170 as a collection for a memorial to the Allegheny Arsenal disaster.
- The flares were made of potassium chlorate, strontium nitrate, and carbon.
- A single flare is reconstructed to have rolled off a wooden tray and ignited in the sun just before noon.
- Sallie McElfresh was 13 years old and working at one of the benches that day.

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