How can marginalised people find a new identity through entrepreneurship? How do women help their families survive in foreign lands by undertaking new endeavours? And all of this when ‘most of all, they just want to go home’.

Dr Sophie Alkhaled, Director of the Academy for Gender Equality and Social Justice Research in Organisations in Lancaster University Management School, joins us to talk about the lives of refugees in camps and communities outside their homelands, and how women there have discovered business to help their families live.

She tells us how her personal life experience and heritage shaped her interest in both refugees and gender equity, from seeing her mother prohibited from driving in Saudi Arabia, to living under the Assad regime in Syria, and travelling to refugee camps that are home to her countrymen and women.

We find out how millions of Syrians were forced to flee their homeland, how entrepreneurship takes hold in unexpected places, and how women came to reimagine what an entrepreneur and business leader is as they try to make sure they have food on the table.

Sophie tells us how entrepreneurship is a means of survival and empowerment for these women; how their Syrian products can keep national identity and pride alive among the refugees; how in many cases the money from these businesses was the only thing ensuring that refugees could eat and pay rent; and we talk about how refugees can leave a country with war or famine and move to another with difficulties of its own.

We also look at the Academy and its work on gender equality in business schools and beyond. This takes the discussion into business realms and countries all around the world, and Sophie talks about the importance of being a hopeaholic when it comes to seeing changes around gender equality.

Plus, why did Jan leave New Zealand? How bad are the All Whites football team if someone who played for Barrow once represented them? And is Paul dead inside?

Find out more about Sophie and her work here: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/lums/people/sophie-alkhaled

Read about her research on Syrian women refugees here: https://doc.your-brochure-online.co.uk/Lancaster-University_FiftyFourDegrees_Issue_17/26/

And this is where you can discover the Academy for Gender Equality and Social Justice Research in Organisations: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/lums/research/research-initiatives/gender-equality/

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There are always humanitarian crises somewhere in the world. We just don’t know about all of them.

Lancaster University’s Dr Nonhlanhla Dube, an ‘accidental humanitarian’ turned expert humanitarian logistician, joins us to fill in the gaps in our knowledge on the humanitarian sector, particularly on refugees.

We think about how we learn of humanitarian crises around the world, how our knowledge can be limited by what the media in our home countries reports on, and where there might be ‘hidden’ issues in parts of the world we do not think about – including Noni’s home country of Zimbabwe.

We learn what events trigger a humanitarian effort and how long-term issues can tip over to require larger and more immediate responses; consider the Boxing Day Tsunami of 2004 and its effects on 2.3 million people in many countries around the Indian Ocean; and look at how ‘CNN disasters’ can affect why some funding appeals are more successful than others.

Noni tells us about examples of good practice in response operations, how long-term planning is essential, why adapting tents according to your needs plays such a key role, where refugees comes from, how some people can spend most of their lives in a refugee camp, and what individuals and businesses can do to help when a disaster happens.

And we discuss problems and challenges with disaster responses; where good intentions can go wrong; why local people and their needs and perspectives can be ignored by international organisations; and the impact of aid cuts because of political shifts worldwide.

Read about Noni’s work on improving emergency response efforts for refugees here: https://doc.your-brochure-online.co.uk/Lancaster-University_FiftyFourDegrees_Issue_19/34/

An example of organisation that supports people at times of disaster is Doctors without Borders: https://msf.org.uk/who-we-are

Rawls’ veil of ignorance is explained here: https://ethicsunwrapped.utexas.edu/glossary/veil-of-ignorance

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Step into the Transforming Tomorrow time machine, as we head back to look at the work between Lancaster University and Lake District Farmers on working towards net-zero meat production.

Dr Laura Giles – now studying for another doctorate at the University of Dundee – brings us up to date on the final outcomes of a partnership that looked at carbon stocks in farm soil and carbon accounting across several holdings in Cumbria.

We find out what work on to complete the project, what lab analysis of soil samples revealed about carbon contents of soil, and just what we mean when we talk about carbon in soil.

Laura tells us about the varied benefits of having more carbon in the soil, from food production to flood prevention; shares the results of the surveys, and how they varied across farms; and warns against the belief in a universal cure-all for problems.

We consider how past farming practice has made a difference to the land, and what this might mean for current landowners; discuss the importance of caring for the land, but balancing change with the impact on the farming system; raise a smile at the pride farmers have in the quality of their soils; and see how the project has raised awareness of just what soil carbon means to Lake District Farmers’ customers.

There is time to look at other effects of less intensive farming, including the benefits to biodiversity; consider the nutritional quality of meat produced on these same farms; and realise that judging on carbon footprinting alone is not always the best idea.

Plus, what’s scarier – a sheep or a cow? And why? Do sheep from different countries share a common personality and a universal language? Are cows cold-blooded killers? And other important questions from the world of farming.

Watch a film summarising the findings of the Knowledge Transfer Partnership here: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/research/research-enterprise-services/knowledge-transfer-partnerships/case-studies/lake-district-farmers-case-study/

The background on the project can be found here: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/pentland/activities/cross-cutting/transition-and-transformation/lake-district-farmers-ktp/

And to listen to the previous podcasts on this topic, connect here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3AVTRXxixXpldapfTZvCCoyzvCzSDyB9

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How much waste is produced then your clothes are manufactured? And it there anything that can be done to reduce that?

The Pentland Centre’s Dr Madiha Ahmad joins us to talk about her PhD research at Heriot-Watt University, in Edinburgh, which involved looking at sew-free techniques that dramatically reduce fabric wastage.

Madiha tells us about textiles in her Pakistan homeland, where it is an $18bn industry, and we go in-depth on how fibres become yarn becomes fabric, spanning global supply chains and representing a more complicated process than you might imagine.

We learn about the lifecycle of fibres as they become fabrics and garments; about issues of over-consumption, fast fashion, and landfill, but also how waste is created when a garment is produced; and about the many technicalities of weaving.

Madiha reveals the many layers of sustainability that need to be considered, and how knowledge and practice in this area can be part of a company’s international competitiveness.

We talk about fabric waste, and how this is both a natural part of the standard manufacturing process but also something that could be tackled with a different weaving method – one that will have you checking how many seams you have on your clothing. We even take the concepts of sew-free and see how similar ideas can be applied in aerospace.

Plus, Jan tells us about being raised to be a farmer’s wife; Paul objects to Jan’s suggestion he doesn’t think about how and where his clothes are made as he reveals he is made in Egypt on this particular day; and the horrible idea of square scones rears its ugly head.

Here is a handy outline of how textiles are manufactured: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacturing

If you want to understand more about weaving, see here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving

And if you want to listen to our previous episode on the Uzbek cotton industry, this is the place: https://pod.fo/e/3cf0a4

Episode Transcript

What do the public think about climate change? How do they think governments should act? These are the people who will often be most affected by policy and action, so how do we find out their views? This answer may lie in citizens’ assemblies.

Dr Andy Yuille, is an interdisciplinary qualitative social scientist (!) from the University of Manchester. He takes us through citizens’ assemblies and their role in creating understandings about people's thoughts about the environment and government policy, and how they show that members of the public can take informed, positions on difficult policy decisions.

We encounter the concept of deliberative mini-publics, and how they can reflect the broader population to ensure views of assemblies reflect those of the public at large; discuss where and at what level climate assemblies operate; and understand how they are formed and operate, and the disqualifying factors for taking part.

Andy tells us about his interest in how major decisions that affect the environment are made and his work on the Our Energy Futures panel; we look at the polarisation of society and how this affects matters; and how assemblies might be a way to build trust in government.

What actions do governments take on assembly recommendations? Do assembly members ever find out why their suggestions are (or are not) taken up? And can these assemblies be considered a successful initiative?

Plus, what do people think about changes to energy usage and demand? How do they think businesses should adapt? Did Jan behave in school assemblies? What are human assembly plants? And what is a sociologist?

The UK Parliament has an introduction to citizens’ assemblies: https://www.parliament.uk/get-involved/committees/climate-assembly-uk/about-citizens-assemblies/

Here are some examples of past citizens’ assemblies: https://tinyurl.com/pastcitizensassemblies

More details about the assembly Andy talked about can be found here: https://www.edrc.ac.uk/research/projects/public-support-and-engagement-for-low-energy-futures/

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How can businesses – and business schools – have a positive effect on their regions? And do we need to reconsider the connections between us all?

Ellie Hamilton is Professor Emerita at Lancaster University Management School, with a lengthy background in entrepreneurship and working with businesses. She is also the co-author of a new book, Rethinking Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, with former Lancaster colleagues Dr Rhiannon Pugh and Dr Danny Soetanto.

Ellie joins us to talk about how we need to focus on the role of universities as anchor institutions in their communities; the evolution of entrepreneurship as a concept; how regional development is seen as addressing regional inequalities – but how the focus on economics can be too great; and

We consider how sustainability can be a key part of both entrepreneurship and regional development, and mull over the need to break stubborn habits; shine a light on place-based and community-based entrepreneurship that is embedded in a region; and emphasises the importance of context in any region (be it geographical or institutional) to successful development.

The importance of the input from indigenous people in planning for change comes to the fore once more; a cog model of policy shaping research shaping engagement shaping teaching shaping policy is discussed; and Ellie looks to what the future might bring.

Plus, Ellie tells us about becoming an accidental academic and how to properly enjoy retirement; Jan struggles to spell entrepreneurship – but can blame the French; and Paul laments the treatment of medieval polar bears in the Tower of London.

See Ellie’s new book here: https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/rethinking-entrepreneurship-and-regional-development-9781802201437.html

For more information on Lancaster University’s entrepreneurship research, see here: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/lums/our-departments/entrepreneurship-and-strategy/research/

Episode Transcript

How can healthcare achieve net zero? Where do sustainability considerations stand in the long list of priorities for England’s National Health Service? And could your anaesthetic be better for the planet?

Dr Cliff Shelton, a consultant and professor in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine in the NHS and at Lancaster University Medical School; and Dr Fanny Burrows, Senior Lead on Net Zero Research and Innovation in the Greener NHS Programme for NHS England (which means more than painting the walls), are two people who can provide the answers to these and many other questions.

We learn why the NHS in England has committed to net zero carbon emissions by 2045, what the implications are of this goal, and how patient care will be affected and even improved by the actions necessary to reach it.

We look at how research and innovation can help healthcare sustainability, what changes have already been made, how waste can be and has been cut, and why some anaesthetics can be bad for the environment.

Cliff and Fanny talk to us about why patients should not feel responsibility for the carbon footprint of their care; how other health services around the world are following the UK’s lead; the realities of net-zero surgery; and attitudes to net zero among NHS staff generally.

Plus, Jan relives long-jumping and rollerblading trauma; Cliff tells us about inadvertent stockpiling of laughing gas; and stuffed badgers make a welcome (albeit brief) return.

Find out more about NHS England’s approach to net zero here: https://www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2022/07/B1728-delivering-a-net-zero-nhs-july-2022.pdf And this is how things look after five years: https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/five-years-greener-nhs-progress-forward-look/

This is an explainer on what net zero means for anaesthesia: https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(20)30547-X/fulltext

Read Cliff’s work on identifying and mitigating nitrous oxide waste: https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ftr/10.1111/anae.16211 And the resultant national consensus: https://rcoa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07/Consensus%20statement%20on%20removal%20of%20pipeline%20nitrous%20oxide.pdf

Net zero versus carbon neutral distinctions are discussed here: https://www.carbonneutral.com/news/carbon-neutral-vs-net-zero

Episode Transcript

What can companies do to better look after their workers? What makes an ethical employer? And how can businesses do more to care for their communities?

These are all things we consider as we welcome Brett Mendell, Managing Director of Thomas Kneale & Co Ltd. Brett leads a company that pays the Real Living Wage, that is employee owned, and that takes its responsibilities to decent work and sustainability in all its forms seriously.

He tells us what it is like for a business to have purpose, people, planet and profit at the heart of their operations – recognising the need for profit while respecting their values and impact on those around them.

We find out what it takes to win the King’s Award for Enterprise in Sustainable Development – even if we are no clearer on whether Brett makes the king’s bedsheets; why they are still pushing to do more; and what the benefits are for workers being part of an employee-owned company.

We uncover the differences between the Government’s Living Wage, and the Real Living Wage, and why Thomas Kneale and Brett see such value in the latter for themselves and their employees; find out how businesses and local government can work together to implement better employment practices; and consider the importance of combined efforts to eliminate modern slavery from supply chains.

Plus, is there a cotton controversy in the bedding industry? Are silk sheets reserved solely for the Playboy mansion? And whose bed(ding) are you sleeping in tonight?

Find out more about Thomas Kneale here: https://www.thomaskneale.co.uk/

And about employee-owned companies in the UK here: https://blog.shorts.uk.com/list-of-employee-owned-companies

This is the Greater Manchester Good Employment Charter: https://www.gmgoodemploymentcharter.co.uk/

Episode Transcript