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  • The Frontier Wars: Counting Australia's Hidden Casualties

    The Frontier Wars: Counting Australia's Hidden Casualties
    2026/05/24
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna tackle one of the most contested and painful questions in Australian history: how many people died in the frontier wars between European colonisers and Aboriginal peoples? They explore the groundbreaking work of historians like Lyndall Ryan and the University of Newcastle's Colonial Frontier Massacres Map, which has documented over 300 massacre sites across Australia. The conversation moves through the methodologies used to count the dead — from colonial records and frontier newspapers to oral histories and archaeological evidence — and grapples with the silences in the archive. They discuss specific case studies, including the 1861 Wonomo Massacre in central Queensland and the 1864 Battle of the Yowah Creek, to show how violence unfolded along the frontier. They also address the political and cultural debates that have surrounded these numbers, from the 'history wars' of the 1990s to contemporary reckonings. The episode closes with a reflection on what it means to count these deaths when so many remain uncounted — and why memory itself is a form of resistance. #ColonialFrontierMassacresMap #LyndallRyan #FrontierWars #AustralianHistory #HistoryWars #WonomoMassacre #BattleOfYowahCreek #AboriginalResistance #MassacreHistory #QueenslandFrontier #OralHistory #ContestedHistory #ColonialViolence #Reckoning #Memory #FexingoHistory #History #Oceania Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    5 分
  • The 1967 Referendum and the Fight for Aboriginal Citizenship

    The 1967 Referendum and the Fight for Aboriginal Citizenship
    2026/05/24
    This episode explores the 1967 Australian referendum, a landmark event that saw over 90% of Australians vote to include Aboriginal people in the census and allow the federal government to make laws for them. We trace the long campaign led by activists like Faith Bandler, Joe McGuinness, and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI). The conversation covers the misleading 'yes' campaign, the limited but real changes that followed, and the ongoing struggle for true equality. We also examine the baroque and discriminatory laws that governed Aboriginal lives before 1967, from state protection acts to forced removal of children. This episode builds on earlier discussions of the Day of Mourning, the 1965 Freedom Ride, and the Cummeragunja Walk-Off, showing how the referendum was both a victory and an unfinished project. #1967Referendum #FaithBandler #FCAATSI #AboriginalRights #AustralianHistory #ConstitutionalChange #JoeMcGuinness #JessieStreet #HaroldHolt #Menzies #CAAMA #Referendum1967 #VotingRights #Citizenship #StolenGenerations #IndigenousAustralia #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    14 分
  • The 1938 Day of Mourning: Aboriginal Protest at Australia's 150th

    The 1938 Day of Mourning: Aboriginal Protest at Australia's 150th
    2026/05/23
    In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the 1938 Day of Mourning, a landmark Aboriginal protest held on Australia's 150th anniversary. They discuss the key figures—Jack Patten, William Ferguson, Pearl Gibbs, and Douglas Nicholls—and the role of the Aborigines Progressive Association. The conversation covers the planning, the protest at Australian Hall in Sydney, and its legacy in the broader struggle for Indigenous rights. Listeners will learn about the context of the 1938 sesquicentenary celebrations, the demands of the protestors, and how this event helped shape the modern Aboriginal rights movement. #DayOfMourning #JackPatten #WilliamFerguson #PearlGibbs #DouglasNicholls #AboriginesProgressiveAssociation #AustralianHall #1938 #AboriginalRights #IndigenousHistory #AustraliaHistory #Protest #Activism #Sesquicentenary #FexingoHistory #History #Oceania #ColonialAustralia Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    4 分
  • The 1890s Rabbit Plague and Australia's War on Vermin

    The 1890s Rabbit Plague and Australia's War on Vermin
    2026/05/23
    In the 1890s, Australia faced an ecological catastrophe: millions of rabbits, descended from a single shipment in 1859, devastated farmland and native landscapes. This episode follows the rabbit-proof fences, poison campaigns, and biological warfare attempt with myxoma virus, and explores the Rabbit Destruction Act of 1886 and the rise of doggers and trappers. We meet amateur naturalist Charles Lane, who proposed myxomatosis decades before its success, and consider the rabbit's legacy in shaping Australian environmental policy. A story of unintended consequences, desperate measures, and the beginnings of conservation thinking. #Rabbits #AustralianHistory #EcologicalDisaster #RabbitPlague #Myxomatosis #RabbitProofFence #ColonialAustralia #PestControl #EnvironmentalHistory #FexingoHistory #History #19thCentury #Agriculture #InvasiveSpecies #WesternAustralia #NewSouthWales #Victoria #Fencing Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    9 分
  • The 1868 Aboriginal Cricket Tour of England

    The 1868 Aboriginal Cricket Tour of England
    2026/05/20
    In 1868, a team of Aboriginal cricketers from the Jardwadjali and Gunditjmara nations sailed to England, becoming the first Australian cricket team to tour internationally. This episode follows their journey: the organized matches at the MCG, the grueling voyage, and the 47 matches they played across England — including a victory over Surrey. We explore the players like Johnny Mullagh (Unaarrimin), the team's star all-rounder, and Charles Lawrence, the English coach who managed them. The tour was a mix of genuine sporting achievement and colonial spectacle, with the players performing traditional dances and spear-throwing between matches. The tour's legacy is complex: it challenged racial stereotypes yet was framed through a paternalist lens. We also touch on the abrupt end of the tour, the players' return to a restrictive mission system, and how the team has been remembered — from the Johnny Mullagh Cricket Ground in Harrow to the 150th anniversary commemorations in 2018. It's a story of skill, resilience, and the ambiguous role of sport in colonial encounters. #AboriginalCricket #JohnnyMullagh #Unaarrimin #Jardwadjali #Gunditjmara #1868CricketTour #CharlesLawrence #MCG #ColonialHistory #AustralianCricket #IndigenousSport #HarrowVictoria #Wimmera #CricketHistory #SportsHistory #IndigenousAustralia #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    8 分
  • The Myall Creek Massacre and the Trial for Justice

    The Myall Creek Massacre and the Trial for Justice
    2026/05/20
    In 1838, on a remote cattle station in northern New South Wales, at least 28 Wirrayaraay people were murdered by a gang of convict stockmen and settlers. But unlike most such massacres on the Australian frontier, this time the killers were brought to trial. Lucas and Luna explore the events at Myall Creek, the role of Governor George Gipps and Attorney General John Plunkett in pursuing justice, and the aftermath that saw seven men hanged for the murders. They also examine the subsequent backlash—the settlers who petitioned for clemency, the racist press coverage, and the effect on the Aboriginal population. The episode touches on the Wirrayaraay people, the Liverpool Plains region, and the broader context of frontier violence in colonial Australia. It asks what this rare case of legal prosecution reveals about colonial justice and its limits. #MyallCreekMassacre #Wirrayaraay #JohnPlunkett #GeorgeGipps #FrontierJustice #AustralianHistory #1838 #LiverpoolPlains #AboriginalHistory #ColonialAustralia #NSW #Massacre #Gunnedah #HenryDangar #WilliamHobbs #MountedPolice #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    5 分
  • The Kalkadoon Wars: Frontier Conflict in the Queensland Gulf Country

    The Kalkadoon Wars: Frontier Conflict in the Queensland Gulf Country
    2026/05/19
    In this episode of The Story of Australia, Lucas and Luna turn to the brutal frontier wars of the 1880s in northwest Queensland, where the Kalkadoon people mounted some of the most determined resistance to colonial expansion. The Kalkadoon — whose name means 'man of the high ground' — controlled the rugged Cloncurry-Mount Isa region, rich in copper and minerals. For decades they fought off pastoral incursions with remarkable military skill, using the terrain to ambush and outmaneuver Native Police and armed settlers. The turning point came in 1884 at the Battle of Battle Mountain, where Kalkadoon warriors, weakened by drought and disease, faced a heavily armed force of Native Police led by Sub-Inspector Frederic Urquhart and troopers from the Queensland Mounted Rifles. Lucas recounts the strategic miscalculations, the devastating volley fire, and the aftermath that saw the Kalkadoon decimated and scattered. He also reflects on the contested memory: how colonial accounts portrayed the battle as a 'decisive' victory, while Kalkadoon oral tradition remembers it as a massacre. Along the way, they touch on the role of Aboriginal trackers in the Native Police, the copper boom that drove invasion, and how the Kalkadoon's legacy endures today through language revival and land rights. #Kalkadoon #BattleMountain #QueenslandFrontier #NativePolice #FredericUrquhart #Cloncurry #MountIsa #GulfCountry #AboriginalResistance #FrontierWars #1884 #CopperRush #QueenslandMountedRifles #OralTradition #Massacre #ColonialAustralia #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分
  • The 1965 Freedom Ride: Charles Perkins and Aboriginal Rights

    The 1965 Freedom Ride: Charles Perkins and Aboriginal Rights
    2026/05/19
    In this episode of The Story of Australia: Indigenous Worlds and Colonial Expansion, Lucas and Luna explore the 1965 Freedom Ride, a pivotal moment in the Aboriginal civil rights movement. Led by Charles Perkins, a group of university students from Sydney traveled through rural New South Wales to expose segregation and discrimination. They visited towns like Walgett, Moree, and Kempsey, staging protests at pools, cinemas, and pubs. The ride sparked national debate and helped shift public opinion toward supporting the 1967 referendum. Lucas details the confrontations, the courage of participants, and the legacy of a campaign that used nonviolent direct action to challenge entrenched racism. The conversation also touches on the role of the Student Action for Aborigines (SAFA) group and the broader context of Indigenous activism in mid-20th century Australia. This episode offers a close look at a turning point in the fight for equality, told through specific events and personal stories. #FreedomRide #CharlesPerkins #AboriginalRights #1965 #SAFA #Walgett #Moree #Kempsey #Segregation #CivilRights #IndigenousActivism #1967Referendum #StudentAction #Nonviolence #RuralNSW #AustralianHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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    6 分