Join us as we discuss one of the hardest words in the Bible to define: Holy. Many of us think we know what that means, but the truth is that the Biblical authors thought very differently about it than we usually do.

Key words:

Qodesh (Strong's Hebrew 6944)

Qadash (Strong's Hebrew 6942)

Hagios (Strong's Greek 40)

Passages Referenced:

Exodus 3:5

Leviticus 6:25-27

‭‭Leviticus‬ ‭20‬:‭26‬ ‭CSB‬‬

Genesis 2:3

Leviticus 19:2

1 John 3:3

Ephesians 1:1

1 Corinthians 1:1-2

Daniel 4:17

2 Corinthians 2:7

John 6:53-56

Matthew 26:26-28

Join me as we shed new light on the mission of Jesus by tracing sin from hattat in the OT Hebrew to hamartia in the NT Greek.

Recommended resources:

The Exodus Way - The Bible Project

Relevant terms/Strong's concordance numbers:

Hebrew: Hattat, Hata, Chattat (H2403, H2398, H2400)

Greek: Hamartia, Hamartano, Hamartolos (G266, G264, G268)

Passages referenced in OT section:

Psalms 51

Psalms 32

2 Samuel 12:13

Isaiah 1

Ezekiel 36

Example LXX passages that use hamartia identically to hattat:

Numbers 6:11

Leviticus 16:30

Leviticus 4:3

Passages referenced in NT section:

1 Corinthians 15:3

Isaiah 53:10

1 John 1:5-10

Leviticus 17:11

Romans 6 12-14; 22-23

‭‭2 Corinthians‬ ‭5‬:‭20‬-‭21

Romans 5:12-14

‭‭John‬ ‭8‬:‭34‬-‭36‬

Matthew 1:21

Romans 5:9

1 Thessalonians 1:10

2 Peter 3:9

1 Timothy 2:4

Ezekiel 18:31-32

Ezekiel 33:11

Luke 2:29-32

Titus 2:14

Join us as we discuss the Hebrew word our English Bibles translate as sin: hattat.

Words discussed:

hattat (Strong's H2403)

hata (Strong's H2398)

chatta (Strong's H2400)

ra (Strong's H7451)

Passages cited:

Leviticus 4:3, Genesis 4:6-7, Genesis 6:5-6, Genesis 18:20-21, Genesis 13:13, Genesis 39:9, Numbers 6:9-12, Judges 20:16

Join us as we conclude our study of atonement in Leviticus by tracing it through the Greek of the Septuagint and into the Greek New Testament.

Key terms:

Hebrew:

kaphar (rendered as "make atonement" in most English translations of the Old Testament)

Greek:

exilaskomai (the intensified form of hilaskomai used in the Septuagint for kaphar)

hilaskomai (a less intense word rarely used in the Septuagint, but meant something like pardoning when it did appear. Was seemingly used more strongly like exilaskomai/kaphar by New Testament authors)

hilasterion, hilasmos (noun related to hilaskomai that appear in Romans, Hebrews, and 1 John)

Key passages:

Luke 18:13

Hebrews 2:17

Romans 3:25

1 John 2:2, 4:10

Corrected errata:

Peri, rather than anti, is the Greek preposition typically used by the Septuagint as for in the phrase "make atonement for..."

Join us as we discuss how we will trace kaphar from the Hebrew of the Old Testament to the Greek of the New Testament using the Septuagint. We will be using this method often, and it is a powerful tool for your own word studies.

Venn Diagram of Greek vs. Septuagint use of charis, generated by ChatGPT

Scriptures referenced:

1 Corinthians 15:3-4

Ephesians 2:8-9

2 Corinthians 12:9

Listen as we discuss a strange ritual in Exodus that seems to be at odds with what we learned about kaphar from Leviticus. In the process, we will learn how to decrypt one of Jesus's least frequent but most powerful comments: that He would be a ransom for many.

Listen in as we explore kaphar, a flexible and profound Hebrew verb that carries meanings of utter transformative power. Decrypting the meaning of this word may fundamentally reshape how we think of Levitical sacrifice and even Jesus Himself.

Part 1 of a sub-series on atonement

Listen as we walk through the lost meaning of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, as it is discussed in Leviticus 16. Its portrait of atonement is very different than what many of us think.