We speak with Dr. Deirdre Haskell, Director of the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences at the University of Toronto, about how mathematics applies to so many aspects of our daily lives and is at the forefront of the latest developments in science and technology. The Fields Institute brings together specialists in different mathematical branches from around the globe to integrate knowledge and expand the frontiers of mathematics. Mathematics touches all of us, whether it’s with GPS navigation, medical and astronomical imaging, modelling for climate change and finance, or artificial intelligence with its Large Language Models like ChatGPT. Explaining the relevance of mathematics in a way that’s accessible to all, Deirdre brings us into a critically important conversation about the direction of a future that’s increasingly mathematical.

Saima Fancy, a privacy specialist, returns to the show for a discussion on the emerging concept and benefits of designing technological processes that keep the “Human in the Loop.” Now, when the complexities of algorithms are multiplying with every new feature and every new interface, it’s critical for good and safe outcomes that humans are able to oversee and, if necessary, override automated processes. Saima calls for a global discussion that focuses specifically on Human in the Loop, and it’s a call that’s especially crucial now, when AI agents, LLMs, and other technological processes are rapidly gaining control of our daily living. The list of functions that we cede to AI grows by the day, and now includes reading, writing, shopping, social calendaring, delivery ordering, and control of household appliances. In this episode, we outline the emerging issues and opportunities that make today the best time to begin figuring out how we remain in our own technological loop.

2024 was a record-setting year for elections, with nearly half the world’s voters eligible to cast ballots in over 60 nations and the European Union. In some cases, social media and other technological tools have been used to enable bad actors, misinformation, and other challenges to the fairness and transparency of democratic processes. This increases the importance of election monitoring, pioneered by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter who established the Carter Center in 1982. Dr. Ian Batista, who holds a PhD in political science and has worked with the Carter Center in monitoring three elections on two continents, speaks about differences in voting processes and technologies, the importance of voters maintaining trust in the mechanisms, and the ways that technology is being used sometimes to hinder and sometimes to help the exercise of democracy.