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  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending July 14, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending July 14, 1945
    2026/07/07

    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end.

    Just for a different perspective.

    July 8 to July 14, 1945

    This is Summer of Trinity - a daily description of events in the summer of 1945, touching points around the world but centered (as that summer was) on the Trinity nuclear test. This episode has daily events for the week ending Saturday July 14th, 1945.

    Sunday, July 8,1945 - 8 Days Before Trinity

    It is two months since the surrender of Germany.

    The Utah prisoner of war massacre occurred just after midnight when an American soldier killed nine German prisoners of war and wounded twenty others at a camp in Salina, Utah.

    Salina is about 150 miles from Salt Lake City and Fort Douglas.

    Monday, July 9,1945 - 7 Days Before Trinity

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_9,_1945

    https://www.ednasjournal.com/post/july-9-1945-monday

    https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0026164/

    https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/science/staring-at-the-sun-as-it-disappeared.html

    https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history/2025/june/deak-and-little-boy

    https://www.atomicheritage.org/key-documents/dangers-accidental-detonations

    Tuesday, July 10,1945 - 6 Days Before Trinity

    https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-01-mn-24352-story.html

    Wednesday, July 11,1945 - 5 Days Before Trinity

    Assembly of the Gadget begins.

    https://www.atomicheritage.org/event/1945-july-11

    Thursday, July 12,1945 - 4 Days Before Trinity

    https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/truman-papers/correspondence-harry-s-truman-bess-wallace-truman-1921-1959/july-12-1945?documentid=NA&pagenumber=2

    https://www.2020hindsight.org/2005/07/12/1945-plutonium-core-leaves-los-alamos/ (for the Trinity test site)

    Friday, July 13,1945 - 3 Days Before Trinity

    The Proving Ground was officially authorized by ASF Circular 269, July 13, effective July 9, 1945.

    Saturday, July 14,1945 - 2 Days Before Trinity

    https://farragutlife.com/mare-island/
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    16 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending July 21, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending July 21, 1945
    2026/07/15
    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end. Just for a different perspective. July 15 to July 21, 1945 This is Summer of Trinity - a daily description of events in the summer of 1945, touching points around the world but centered (as that summer was) on the Trinity nuclear test. This episode has daily events for the week ending Saturday July 21th, 1945. Sunday, July 15,1945 - 1 Day Before Trinity 12th Army Situation Map (Germany and surrounding areas) https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1945/trinity_evaluations.htm The American contingent arrives at Potsdam. The imminent start of the conference was a major reason the Trinity test had been planned of this week. Returning from his one-day shakedown cruise for the USS Indianapolis, Captain McVay meets with Captain William Parsons of Project Alberta and Admiral William R. Purnell - one of the chief military advisors for the Manhattan Project. They don't mention these connections to McVay, who is informed only that his ship has been chosen for an important mission: He is to proceed with all possible speed across the Pacific, first to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and then to the Marianas, on the edge of the Philippine sea. There he will deliver his cargo to the air base on the island of Tinian. He is assured that every day saved delivering the cargo is a day closer to the end of the war. He is to safeguard the cargo at all costs - ALL costs. If the ship is lost, his first priority will be saving this cargo - if necessary, a lifeboat is to be used to ensure it is undamaged. McVay will not, however, be told what the cargo actually is. There are some clues, however. There are two Army officers who will accompany the cargo and see it safely ashore at Tinian: Major Robert Furman, and Capt. James Nolan. While they are presented as "artillerymen," McVay eventually learns from Captain Nolan that he is actually a doctor, with the implication that there are some health concerns about the cargo. Nolan assures McVay that there is no actual danger to the crew of the Indianapolis. Nolan does not mention that he is one of two medical doctors at Los Alamos - not that McVay would have know where that was - nor that he is the doctor who put together the safety plan to ensure the health of those attending the upcoming Trinity test. But McVay knows that there are not a lot of materials that are both relatively small and enough of a health concern to merit the attendance of a doctor. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/james-f-nolan/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_B._McVay_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35) Monday, July 16,1945 - Trinity Yoko Moriwaki's diary is available through online and other booksellers, and in some libraries. https://www.amazon.com/Yokos-Diary-Paul-Ham/dp/0733331173/r https://www.dearfolksies.com/wabern-germany-july-10-august-23-1945/6/ https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/node/400674 Tuesday, July 17,1945 - 1 Day After Trinity The Potsdam Conference began in Potsdam, occupied Germany. Representatives of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States met to discuss how to administer postwar Germany. https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/images/szilard_petition.htm https://biology.indiana.edu/documents/historical-materials/gest_pdfs/hgSzilard.pdf Wednesday, July 18,1945 - 2 Days After Trinity http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/groves-leslie/corr_groves_1945-07-18_print.htm Thursday, July 19,1945 - 3 Days After Trinity https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/timeline Friday, July 20,1945 - 4 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin_bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_fuze - The atomic bombs used these, which were actually a very new technology, but one that had already proven its worth - Patton proclaimed that the proximity fuze had contributed greatly to the American success in the Battle of the Bulge. Saturday, July 21,1945 - 5 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Underhill https://ussunderhill.org/index.html
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    16 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending July 7, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending July 7, 1945
    2026/07/01

    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end.

    Just for a different perspective.

    A daily description of events in the summer of 1945, touching points around the world but centered (as that summer was) on the Trinity nuclear test. This episode has daily events for the week ending Saturday July 7th, 1945.

    Sunday, July 1,1945 - 15 Days Before Trinity

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_C4-class_ship

    http://ww2troopships.com/crossings/1945b.htm

    https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/7-8/7-8_7.HTM

    http://www.yeide.net/World_War_II_History/Cavalry_Histories.html

    Monday, July 2,1945 - 14 Days Before Trinity

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sterling_Parsons Captain William Parsons, US Navy - head of Project Alberta, which is the part of the Manhattan Project focused on delivering the bomb to it's target.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_F._Farrell - Brigadier General Thomas Farrell, who is "Grove's deputy for operations"

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Purnell - Rear Admiral William Purnell is Navy liason to manhattan project, also the Navy's deputy chief for materiel.

    http://www.dannen.com/decision/testdate.html

    The "IT" mentioned a couple of times there appears to be the Little Boy device, which was going to be transported to Tinian aboard the USS Indianapolis (then finishing repairs in the San Franciso area), and which Parsons was coordinating with Purnell.

    Tuesday, July 3,1945 - 13 Days Before Trinity

    https://automotivehistory.org/july-3-1945-ford-starts-postwar-production/

    https://vtauto.org/1946-ford-tudor/

    https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/64-57-01

    Wednesday, July 4,1945 - 12 Days Before Trinity

    https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/truman-independence-day-message-1945

    https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/72/statement-president-fourth-july

    Thursday, July 5,1945 - 11 Days Before Trinity

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election

    Friday, July 6,1945 - 10 Days Before Trinity

    https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/delivering-atomic-bombs-silverplate-b-29

    https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/EnolaGay/EnolaGay.html

    Saturday, July 7,1945 - 9 Days Before Trinity

    http://www.brigs.us/Phila/Candids1.htm — photographs from USS Philadelphia

    http://www.brigs.us/Phila/reunion-files/and-we-were-there-Truman-Potsdam.htm - a first-person account of the trip

    https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2014/08/14/truman-bacall-and-that-photograph/

    https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nara-series/80-g/80-G-600000/80-G-603322.html
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    16 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 30, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 30, 1945
    2026/06/24
    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end. Just for a different perspective. June 24 to June 30, 1945 This is Summer of Trinity, for the week ending Saturday June 30th, 1945. Sunday, June 24,1945 - 22 Days Before Trinity https://stanislavs.org/victory-parade-in-moscow-on-june-24-1945/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_Moscow_Victory_Parade Monday, June 25,1945 - 21 Days Before Trinity Let There Be Light - assigned to John Huston on June 25 1945 https://catalog.afi.com/Film/24480-LET-THEREBELIGHT?sid=f9d82931-bb26-4320-ab6d-68db16b9b687&sr=16.411694&cp=1&pos=0 Tuesday, June 26,1945 - 20 Days Before Trinity https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-n-charter-signed While the war continued, and there was certainly concerns of all sorts that it might not be over soon - that Operation Downfall might be necessary, a full amphibious invasion of Japan to occupy and subordinate it on bayonet and rifle - there were definite expectations of hope. When representatives of 50 nations came to San Francisco to sign the Charter of the United Nations, it was about the peace after, even if the peace hadn't arrived, yet. It will take some time yet for the headquarters to be built, the general assembly brought together, for it to be a significant part of world diplomacy, but this day is the start of the United Nations. Wednesday, June 27,1945 - 19 Days Before Trinity Undersecretary of the Navy Ralph A. Bard sends the following memorandum concerning the use of the atomic bomb. argues that the Japanese should be given some warning ahead of the use of the weapon. https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/documents/manhattan-project/bard-memo.html Thursday, June 28,1945 - 18 Days Before Trinity The Ford Willow Run line produces its last B-24 Liberator https://www.motorcities.org/story-of-the-week/2021/remember-ford-motor-company-s-post-war-years-1946-1955 https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/expert-sets/101765 https://detroithistorical.org/things-do/events-calendar/events-listing/story-willow-run "One every 55 minutes" https://ss.sites.mtu.edu/mhugl/2015/10/11/willow-run-b24-liberator/ "The Flying Coffin" https://www.hagerty.com/media/automotive-history/watch-fords-willow-run-plant-churn-out-a-b-24-every-55-minutes/ "The story of willow run" on Youtube https://www.thisdayinaviation.com/tag/willow-run-airplane-plant/ "44-51928 was flown directly to a storage facility, then later, to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation site at Kingman, Arizona, where it was scrapped." The picture of 44-51928 shows very small but distinct shadows, indicating that it did in fact get rolled out right around noon. Friday, June 29,1945 - 17 Days Before Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet - return of personnel from Europe begins. Saturday, June 30,1945 - 16 Days Before Trinity https://history.army.mil/books/wwii/okinawa/ https://80.stripes.com/archives/sure-campaigns-over-dont-forget-mop https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa Okinawa area (per Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa_Island Area 1,199[1] km2 (463 sq mi) as of 1 October 2018[2] Honshu area (ditto) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honshu Area 227,960[1] km2 (88,020 sq mi) Summer of Trinity is a part of Mapping History here on The Latest Generation.
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    11 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 23, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 23, 1945
    2026/06/18

    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end.

    Just for a different perspective.

    June 17 to June 23, 1945

    This is Summer of Trinity, for the week ending Saturday June 23, 1945.

    Sunday, June 17,1945 - 29 Days Before Trinity

    It's the 78th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    https://archive.org/details/FirstBoxingMatchesOnOkinawa

    Monday, June 18,1945 - 28 Days Before Trinity

    It's the 79th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Bolivar_Buckner_Jr.

    The American submarine USS Bonefish was sunk in Toyama Bay by Japanese warships.

    Although it still has not been scheduled, the Trinity test is now 4 weeks away.

    Tuesday, June 19,1945 - 27 Days Before Trinity

    It is the 80th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Mayfield

    https://catalog.archives.gov/id/205583221

    Wednesday, June 20,1945 - 26 Days Before Trinity

    It is the 81st day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    http://www.v2rocket.com/start/chapters/backfire.html

    Return of troops on June 20 - picture came from this tweet.

    https://twitter.com/HistoryInPics/status/1483460234307850249

    Thursday, June 21,1945 - 25 Days Before Trinity

    It is the 82nd day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    After being decommissioned due to extensive damage suffered a month earlier, The American destroyer USS Barry was being towed to a location where it would serve as a decoy for Japanese kamikaze attacks. It was sunk northwest of Okinawa by a Japanese kamikaze attack. It is the n+3rd Allied ship sunk since the capitulation of Nazi Germany.

    Friday, June 22,1945 - 24 Days Before Trinity

    Okinawa is captured after 83 days of battle. The defending generals commit seppuku. Emperor Hirohito tells his counselors that he is interested in concrete plans to end the war.

    https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-okinawa

    Percy Faith and his Orchestra record "Capullito_de_aleli" for Decca records in New York, New York

    https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/2000301162/72945-Capullito_de_aleli

    Eisenhower approves a project where German rocket engineers will launch a V-2, with a dummy warhead, to show the Allies how they worked and what was needed for a successful launch.

    Stalin announces a military parade, cerebrating the victory over Nazi Germany to be held in Moscow two days later, on June 24th.

    Saturday, June 23,1945 - 23 Days Before Trinity

    Kid who survived freezing experiments at Dachau - literally chopped out of ice seven times.

    https://www.dearfolksies.com/dachau-concentration-camp-june-6-june-26-1945/6/
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    10 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 16, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week ending June 16, 1945
    2026/06/10
    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end. Just for a different perspective. June 10 to June 16, 1945 This is Summer of Trinity, for the week ending Saturday June 16, 1945. Sunday, June 10,1945 - 36 Days Before Trinity It's the 71st day of the Battle of Okinawa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_William_D._Porter_(DD-579) Monday, June 11,1945 - 35 Days Before Trinity It's the 72nd day of the Battle of Okinawa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Miles_McCool Tuesday, June 12,1945 - 34 Days Before Trinity It is the 73rd day of the Battle of Okinawa. General Eisenhower receives the "Freedom of the City" at London's Guildhall. This symbolic act, with seven hundred years of history behind it, makes him "a citizen of the city." https://www.nps.gov/articles/general-eisenhower.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck_Report Wednesday, June 13,1945 - 33 Days Before Trinity It is the 74th day of the Battle of Okinawa. Thursday, June 14,1945 - 32 Days Before Trinity It is the 75th day of the Battle of Okinawa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Inmate Friday, June 15,1945 - 31 Days Before Trinity It is the 76th day of the Battle of Okinawa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calutron (How they enriched U-235 for Little Boy) https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/science-behind-atom-bomb Saturday, June 16,1945 - 30 Days Before Trinity It's the 77th day of the Battle of Okinawa. The Science Panel, headed by Robert Oppenheimer, and also including Enrico Fermi, Ernest O. Lawrence and Arthur H. Compton, gives the following report, classified Top Secret, to the Interim Committee: The report is titled "RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE IMMEDIATE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS" and begins as follows: [Note to self - some emphasis included here to assist in reading as a script, but there's no font differences in the original.] You have asked us to comment on the initial use of the new weapon. This use, in our opinion, should be such as to promote a satisfactory adjustment of our international relations. At the same time, we recognize our obligation to our nation to use the weapons to help save American lives in the Japanese war. (1) To accomplish these ends we recommend that before the weapons are used not only Britain, but also Russia, France, and China be advised that we have made considerable progress in our work on atomic weapons, that these may be ready to use during the present war, and that we would welcome suggestions as to how we can cooperate in making this development contribute to improved international relations. (2) The opinions of scientific colleagues on the initial use of these weapons are not unanimous; they range from the proposal of a purely technical demonstration to that of the military application best designed to induce surrender. Those who advocate a purely technical demonstration would wish to outlaw the use of atomic weapons, and have feared that if we use the weapons now our position in future negotiations will be prejudiced. Others emphasize the opportunity of saving American lives by immediate military use, and believe that such use will improve the international prospects, in that they are more concerned with the prevention of war than with the elimination of this specific weapon. We find ourselves closer to these latter views; we can propose no technical demonstration likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to direct military use. (3) With regard to these general aspects of the use of atomic energy, it is clear that we, as scientific men, have no proprietary rights. It is true that we are among the few citizens who have had occasion to give thoughtful consideration to these problems during the past few years. We have, however, no claim to special competence in solving the political, social, and military problems which are presented by the advent of atomic power. The report is signed by Robert Oppenheimer, with the note "for the panel" https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/documents/manhattan-project/interim-committee.html As this week ends, the Trinity atomic bomb test has not yet been scheduled. However, it is exactly 30 days away. Summer of Trinity is a part of Mapping History here on The Latest Generation.
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    17 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending June 9, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending June 9, 1945
    2026/06/03

    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end.

    Just for a different perspective.

    Summer of Trinity is a daily look at the summer of 1945, when the Second World War ended.

    June 3, 1945. Sunday.

    It is the 64th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    June 4, 1945. Monday.

    It is the 65th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    Churchill's Gestapo speech

    June 5, 1945. Tuesday

    It is the 66th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    June 6, 1945. Wednesday

    It is the 67th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    It is the one-year anniversary of D-Day, the invasion of Normandy that culminated one month ago in the surrender of Germany.

    Dr. Bine's letters can be found at dearfolksies.com

    https://www.dearfolksies.com/dachau-concentration-camp-june-6-june-26-1945/

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachau_concentration_camp

    June 7, 1945. Thursday

    It is the 68th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    Didn't include Robert M. McTureous, Jr, but he has a story of his own.

    June 8, 1945. Friday

    It is one month since the surrender of Germany.

    It is the 69th day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Salute_(AM-294)

    On Okinawa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Faulkner_Lester dies in combat for actions for which he would posthumously receive the Medal of Honor

    June 9, 1945. Saturday

    A classified document is created within the United States War department, named "Installations in Japan Not To Be Bombed."

    http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/recovery/Installations_in_Japan_Not_To_Be_Bombed_1945-06-09.pdf

    As this week ends, the Trinity atomic bomb test has not yet been scheduled. However, it is only 37 days away.

    Summer of Trinity is a part of Mapping History here on The Latest Generation.
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    15 分
  • Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending June 2, 1945

    Summer of Trinity Again - Week Ending June 2, 1945
    2026/05/31

    Re-running Summer of Trinity, this time with episodes released at the start of their respective weeks rather than the end.

    Just for a different perspective.

    A look at each day between Memorial Day and Labor Day, 1945 - the six weeks on either side of the Trinity test on July 16.

    (For future weeks, we'll have an entry for each day, but we already did May 1945 in the previous episode.)

    May 30, 1945. Wednesday. Memorial Day. It is the 60th day of the Battle of Okinawa

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice_Day

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Day

    May 31, 1945. Thursday. It is the 61st day of the battle of Okinawa

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_B._Craft

    June 1, 1945 Friday. It is the 62nd day of the Battle of Okinawa.

    Times around the world, as the meeting of the Interim Committee starts, 11AM in Washington DC

    https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/notes-meeting-interim-committee?documentid=NA&pagenumber=9

    The members of the Interim Committee include (not a complete list)

    Mr. George H. Bucher, President of Westinghouse - manufacture of equipment for the electromagnetic process.

    Mr.Walter S. Carpenter, President of Du Pont Company - construction of the Hanford Project.

    Mr. James Rafferty, Vice President of Union Carbide - construction and operation of gas diffusion plant in Clinton.

    Mr. James White, President of Tennessee Eastman - production of basic chemicals and construction of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-12_National_Security_Complex

    The committee also discussed how difficult it would be for the Soviet Union to replicate the work that had been done on the atomic bomb.

    https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/notes-meeting-interim-committee?documentid=NA&pagenumber=4
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    34 分