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The George Jackson File Why Freedom Was Denied

The George Jackson File Why Freedom Was Denied

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In 1961, George Jackson was sentenced to one year to life in California state prison for a $70 gas station robbery. He was eighteen years old. Under California's indeterminate sentencing law, the parole board could hold him indefinitely. They denied him parole eleven times over the next decade.

0:00 Introduction
0:30 The $70 Robbery
5:30 The Soledad Brothers
6:50 Jonathan Jackson's Raid
10:00 Attica

Inside Soledad Prison, Jackson transformed himself. He read Marx, Mao, Fanon, and Che Guevara. He became a field marshal for the Black Panther Party behind bars. He wrote two books — "Soledad Brother" and "Blood in My Eye" — that became foundational texts of the prison abolition and Black liberation movements.

In January 1970, three Black inmates at Soledad were charged with the murder of a white prison guard — despite being locked in their cells at the time of the incident. Jackson, Fleeta Drumgo, and John Clutchette became the Soledad Brothers. Angela Davis helped organize their defense. Their case became a national cause.

On August 7, 1970, Jackson's seventeen-year-old brother Jonathan entered the Marin County Civic Center with weapons registered to Angela Davis, took hostages in an attempt to free the Soledad Brothers, and was killed in the resulting shootout. The incident led to Davis being placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list.

On August 21, 1971 — eleven years after his original arrest for a $70 robbery — George Jackson was shot and killed during what authorities described as an escape attempt at San Quentin. He was twenty-nine. The circumstances of his death remain disputed. Three guards and two other inmates also died.

Thirteen days later, inmates at Attica State Prison in New York seized control of the facility. They held photos of George Jackson. His death was the spark.

Black History Declassified investigates the specific mechanisms, documents, and people behind the persecution of Black Americans who built extraordinary things.

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