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  • Generation of Animals Book II 7-8

    Generation of Animals Book II 7-8
    2026/09/24
    In which Aristotle explores the nourishing connection between embryo and mother in viviparous animals, detailing the structure and function of the umbilical cord and uterine cotyledons, and examines the nature of fertility, sterility, and hybrid offspring through observations of animals such as mules and their peculiar reproductive capacities. He surveys various causes of sterility, the conditions under which different species may interbreed, and the natural phenomena governing the success or failure of generation in both typical and anomalous cases.
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    23 分
  • Generation of Animals Book II 4-5

    Generation of Animals Book II 4-5
    2026/09/23
    In which the natural processes of embryonic formation and nourishment are explored, revealing the intricate balance between male and female contributions and the early development of life’s vital principle within diverse creatures. The account gently elucidates how the interplay of innate souls and material substances governs the gradual unfolding of form and function in the living embryo, much akin to the growth of plants from seed to splendour.
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    29 分
  • Generation of Animals Book II 1

    Generation of Animals Book II 1
    2026/09/22
    In which Aristotle observes the origins of male and female principles in generation, exploring how natural necessity and varying material compositions give rise to the diversity of sexes and modes of reproduction among animals. He further contemplates the nature of semen as a vital agent containing potential soul, guiding the successive formation of an organism’s parts through inherent movement rather than external cause.
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    27 分
  • Generation of Animals Book I 19-20

    Generation of Animals Book I 19-20
    2026/09/21
    In which the nature of the female contribution to generation is carefully examined, revealing that the catamenia are a secretion analogous to the male semen and serve as the material from which the offspring is formed rather than a second semen. It is further observed that the generative powers and discharges in males and females correspond in their appearance and function, with the male providing the active form and the female the passive matter upon which it acts.
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    20 分
  • Generation of Animals Book I 6-16

    Generation of Animals Book I 6-16
    2026/09/20
    In which Aristotle examines the diversity of reproductive organs and practices among animals, discerning necessities shaped by nature’s provision—such as the absence of testes in fish and serpents due to their swift copulation and bodily configurations, and the variations in the uterus’s placement reflective of the species’ mode of generating young. He further contemplates the differences in genital passages and copulation among viviparous and oviparous creatures, extending his inquiry even to the more obscure reproductive habits of bloodless animals, thereby revealing the intricate and varied means by which life is propagated.
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    22 分
  • On the Parts of Animals Book 4 Chapters 11-14

    On the Parts of Animals Book 4 Chapters 11-14
    2026/09/19
    In which Aristotle artfully delineates the varied forms and functions of Crustacea and Cephalopoda, illustrating how nature’s design suits their modes of movement and survival, and expounds on the peculiar anatomical arrangements that distinguish these creatures from others. He then proceeds to explore the heads, limbs, and bodily proportions of viviparous animals, culminating in an eloquent meditation on the unique erect posture and dexterous hands of man, reflections that intertwine form with function and the essence of intelligence.
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    48 分
  • On the Parts of Animals Book 4 Chapters 1-6

    On the Parts of Animals Book 4 Chapters 1-6
    2026/09/18
    In which the nature and arrangement of the internal organs in various classes of sanguineous animals are examined with a discerning eye, revealing the reasons behind differences in presence or absence of parts such as the gall-bladder, and elucidating the forms and functions of the omentum and mesentery. The discourse concludes with reflections on the roles these structures play in nutrition and sustenance, setting aside the organs of generation for future inquiry.
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    1 時間 1 分
  • On the Parts of Animals Book 3 Chapters 1-5

    On the Parts of Animals Book 3 Chapters 1-5
    2026/09/17
    In which the diverse designs of teeth and mouths among animals are observed, fulfilling varied functions from nourishment to defence and speech, with particular attention to their shapes, numbers, and uses in accordance with the animal’s nature and needs. We further discern the origin and structure of horns, the necessity of the neck and its components for respiration and alimentation, and the primacy of the heart and blood-vessels in sanguineous creatures as the central source of life, sensation, and sustenance distributed throughout the body’s fabric.
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    1 時間 1 分