As Washington and Tehran negotiate over Iran’s nuclear program, ballistic missiles and regional militias, the risk of confrontation in the Persian Gulf is once again rising. On Switzerland, Tom Switzer is joined by two of the world’s leading experts on Iran and Syria -- Vali Nasr and Joshua Landis -- to examine whether diplomacy can avert war, what Iran’s leaders really want, and how weakened proxy networks, such as Hezbollah, are reshaping the region. They explore the legacy of Sunni–Shia rivalry, the collapse of the Assad regime’s rule, America’s military posture in the Gulf, and how Donald Trump's MAGA movement may help avert a new Middle East conflict.

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Tom Switzer is a journalist and broadcaster who has been a prolific commentator on politics and international affairs. His writing and commentary have appeared in outlets including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times (international), The Australian, and across ABC and Sky News, where he has been a regular presenter and panellist. For 30 years, since 1995, he has worked at the Washington-based American Enterprise Institute, the Australian Financial Review, The Australian, the London-based Spectator magazine, and the Sydney-based Centre for Independent Studies, which he headed from 2017 to 2025. He is the host of Switzerland, a long-form interview series exploring global politics, modern history, and the ideas shaping the world.

In this episode of Switzerland, Nick Eberstadt, one of the world’s leading demographers, addresses global depopulation and the coming demographic shock. He explains why falling birth rates and ageing populations are becoming one of the defining forces of the 21st century. From East Asia and Europe to the United States, Eberstadt argues that global depopulation will reshape economic growth, labour markets, welfare states, military power, and the balance between nations -- often in ways policymakers are unprepared for.

The Chinese authorities enforced a one-child policy for three to four decades, and now the country faces massive depopulation. Could the CCP enforce a two-child policy? Could AI, robotics, and automation solve China’s demographic problem? Could slashed immigration to the US make America’s depopulation problem worse? And could falling maths and literacy scores threaten to topple America’s status as a global superpower?

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The legendary historian Max Hastings on NATO, China, democracy — and whether today’s world resembles 1914.

In this episode of Switzerland, Tom Switzer is joined by Sir Max Hastings — one of Britain’s most distinguished military historians, journalists, and former newspaper editors — for a wide-ranging conversation about war, power, and the fate of the Western order. They explore whether today’s fractured international system bears dangerous similarities to 1914, the impact of Donald Trump on U.S. foreign policy, Europe’s strategic vulnerability, NATO’s future, the rise of authoritarianism, and the challenges posed by Russia and China. Drawing on decades of scholarship and reportage, Hastings reflects on nationalism, Brexit, technology’s growing political power, and the enduring strengths — and vulnerabilities — of democratic societies in an age of renewed great-power rivalry.

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The discussion ranges across Israel’s war in Gaza, the wave of protests in Western cities, debates over free speech and community relations, and Australia’s own tensions following the Bondi attacks and the political controversy surrounding Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s response. Future episodes feature Nicholas Eberstadt on global depopulation and Sir Max Hastings on global disorder