Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Josiane Blanc.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by David Moreau and Gabbie Clarke.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thanks to singer/songwriter Jenny Salgado. And thank you to our script-consultant Alain Saint-Victor.

Fact-checking by Cloé Carron

Additional reading:

· Quiet Revolution

· Montreal

· Michaëlle Jean

· Caribbean Canadians

· SAINT VICTOR, Alain. De l'exil à la communauté : une histoire de l'immigration haïtienne à Montréal 1960-1990. Mémoire de maîtrise (histoire), Université du Québec à Montréal, 2018. 139 p. De l'exil à la communauté : une histoire de l'immigration haïtienne à Montréal 1960-1990 (uqam.ca)

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Garvia Bailey.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Karina Vernon and to our script consultant, Cheryl Foggo.

Fact-checking by Sean Young.

Additional reading:

· Order-in-Council P.C. 1911-1324 — the Proposed Ban on Black Immigration to Canada

· John Ware

· Black History in Canada: 1900-1960

· Cowboys and Cowgirls in Canada

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook facebook.com/Historica.Canada/

Strong and Free is produced by Historica Canada and Media Girlfriends.

This episode was written and produced by Hannah Sung.

Senior producers are Garvia Bailey and Hannah Sung.

Sound design and mix by Gabbie Clarke and David Moreau.

The Media Girlfriends team is rounded out by Josiane Blanc, Lucius Dechausay, Jeff Woodrow, and Nana aba Duncan, the founder of Media Girlfriends.

Thank you to Marishana Mabusela and to our script consultant, Adrienne Shadd.

Fact-checking by Sean Young.

Additional reading:

· Mary Ann Shadd

· Underground Railroad

· Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

· Black History in Canada Until 1900

Follow Historica Canada on Twitter, Instagram , and TikTok @HistoricaCanada and on Facebook at facebook.com/Historica.Canada/