A major controversy surrounding dietary sodium intake and its impact on cardiovascular health, blood pressure, and metabolic outcomes. Public health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Heart Association (AHA) strongly advocate for universal sodium reduction to low levels (e.g., less than 2,300 mg/day, ideally 1,500 mg/day for the AHA) to combat high blood pressure and associated mortality. However, several scientific sources, including articles from the American Journal of Hypertension and European Heart Journal, and clinical trial reviews, challenge this universal reduction, suggesting that evidence is inconclusive or methodologically flawed, and that a moderate intake (2.5–6.0 g/day) may be optimal. Furthermore, some studies indicate that severe low-salt diets can cause adverse metabolic changes, such as increased insulin resistance, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and elevated heart rate and cholesterol, suggesting a J-shaped relationship where both very low and very high sodium intake increase risk. Despite the debate, the overall evidence confirms that high sodium intake is linked to increased cardiovascular risks, while the debate centers on the safety and necessity of pursuing extremely low intake levels.