This episode explores how religion and secularism are transforming societies in the 21st century. In much of the Western world, traditional religious affiliation is declining. Fewer people attend church, and more identify as “spiritual but not religious.” Education, individualism, and digital globalization have fueled a rise in secularism—yet spirituality continues to thrive in new, personalized forms.

Meanwhile, the Global South is witnessing a powerful religious revival. Christianity is expanding across Africa, Islam and Hinduism are shaping political identities in Asia, and faith is increasingly intertwined with nationalism and governance. Religion remains a force of both unity and division—offering meaning and community while also fueling polarization and conflict.

The episode also examines interfaith dialogue and religious conflict. Initiatives like the United Nations’ Interfaith Harmony Week promote cooperation, while extremist movements across religions highlight the dangers of politicized faith. In politics, religion continues to shape national narratives—from the U.S. and India to Turkey and Latin America.

Ultimately, the 21st century is not post-religious but multi-religious and deeply pluralistic. Faith is evolving—less institutional, more personal—and remains central to how people define morality, identity, and belonging in a rapidly changing world.