You’ve probably seen an infantile hemangiomas before but did you they can be associated with PHACE or LUMBAR syndrome? Learn about this and everything else about infantile hemangiomas in this week’s episode.

This episode was written by pediatricians Tammy Yau and Lidia Park with content support from Caitlin Peterman (pediatric dermatology). Pediatricians Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Follow us on Twitter/X @Pediagogypod, Instagram/Threads @pediagogy, Bluesky @pediagogypodcast.bluesky.social, and connect with us at pediagogypod@gmail.com

Key Points:

• Infantile hemangioma which are the most common benign tumor of infancy. Most will involute on their own after 4 months of age and self-resolve
• Hemangiomas can affect nearby organs causing vision impairment, feeding difficulties, or airway compromise. Other complications include ulceration and disfigurement
• First line treatment includes oral propranolol for thicker lesions and topical timolol for superficial/thin lesions. Surgery or laser is reserved for select hemangiomas

Sources

AAP Jan 2019: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/143/1/e20183475/37268/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-for-the-Management-of?searchresult=1

Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect that involves an abnormally developed tricuspid valve. Learn more about its effects on the heart physiology in today's episode.

This episode was written by pediatricians Tammy Yau and Lidia Park with content support from Daniel Cortez (pediatric cardiology). Pediatricians Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Follow us on Twitter/X @Pediagogypod, Instagram/Threads @pediagogy, Bluesky @pediagogypodcast.bluesky.social, and connect with us at pediagogypod@gmail.com

Key Points:

• Ebstein's anomaly is characterized by an abnormally placed tricuspid valve causing atrialization of the right ventricle. This can lead to single ventricle physiology.
• Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), right bundle branch blocks (RBBB), mitral valve prolapse, mitral valve dysplasia, bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect, and coarctation of the aorta can all be associated with Ebstein's anomaly
• Treatment of Ebstein's anomaly requires a patient to be stable enough to tolerate surgical correction like aortopulmonary shunting, PDA stenting, tricuspid valvuloplasty, and/or single ventricle palliation. Some patients will require inhaled nitrous oxide, Prostaglandin E, antiarrhythmics, and/or ECMO as well

Sources:

• Truong et al. “Ebstein Anomaly in the Fetus: Preparing for the Perfect Storm”.
• Neoreviews (2011) 12 (5): e260–e269. https://doi.org/10.1542/neo.12-5-e260

If you've been getting a lot more questions about hepatitis B and vaccination from your patients and families and wondering where to find the answers, look no further than our episode today filled with useful information from evidence based sources.

This episode was written by pediatricians Tammy Yau and Lidia Park with content support from Dean Blumberg (pediatric infectious disease). Pediatricians Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation.

Follow us on Twitter/X @Pediagogypod, Instagram/Threads @pediagogy, Bluesky @pediagogypodcast.bluesky.social, and connect with us at pediagogypod@gmail.com

Key Points:

• As of the time of this podcast publishing, the American Academy of Pediatrics still recommends Hepatitis B vaccination at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months.
• Hepatitis B vaccination introduction decreased the lifetime prevalence of hepatitis B from 33% to 5% between 1988-2004.
• 4 in every 1000 people with hepatitis B will go on to develop chronic hepatitis B which can lead to liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Hepatitis B has an average incubation of 90 days meaning you might not have symptoms for the first few months of infection. 20-30% of people with hepatitis B do not have a clear source of infection which is why prevention is crucial

Sources:

• “Hepatitis B in Children”. Pediatr Rev (2008) 29 (4): 111–120.
• https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.29-4-111
• “Hepatitis B” Red Book chapter
• https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/immunizations/vaccination-recommendations-by-
• the-aap/