Long-term care is expensive in the United States. With Medicaid spending cuts looming and the Trump administration’s deportation plans threatening the caregiving workforce, the system is under even more pressure. On today’s show, Allison Hoffman, health law expert at the University of Pennsylvania’s Carey Law School, joins Kimberly to unpack why the caregiving industry suffers from chronic labor shortages and how the U.S. could finance long-term care differently to make it more affordable.

Here’s everything we talked about today:

• "What Role Do Immigrants Play in The Direct Long-Term Care Workforce?" from KFF
• "Trump’s deportation plans threaten 400,000 direct care jobs: Older adults and people with disabilities could lose vital in-home support" from Economic Policy Institute
• "A brief history of Medicaid and America’s long struggle to establish a health care safety net" from The Conversation
• "The age-old problem of long-term care" from MIT News
• "Solving the Home Care Quandary" from The New York Times

Join us tomorrow for “Economics on Tap.” The YouTube livestream starts at 3:30 p.m. Pacific time, 6:30 p.m. Eastern.

Roughly 1 in 4 Americans now identifies as a family caregiver. That share has risen dramatically over the past decade. With more people needing care and limited options for affordable long-term care services in the United States, caregivers are strained—often mentally and financially. On today’s show, Debra Whitman, chief public policy officer of AARP, joins Kimberly to unpack how this “invisible workforce” fits into the broader economy and how we can make caregiving more sustainable for families.

Here’s everything we talked about today:

• "Caregiving in the US 2025" from AARP
• "The number of “sandwich generation” caregivers is growing" from Marketplace
• "If Americans Were Paid For Their Caregiving, They Would Make More Than $1.1 Trillion" from the National Partnership for Women and Families
• "Returning to the Workforce After Being a Caregiver" from Harvard Business Review
• "Invisible crisis: America’s caregivers and the $600 billion unpaid cost of their labor" from ABC News
• "Caregiving in the US 2025: Caring Across States" from AARP

We love hearing from you. Leave us a voicemail at 508-U-B-SMART or email makemesmart@marketplace.org.

Florida is a state that often feels tangible impacts of climate change, with strong storms and hurricanes making landfall in the state every hurricane season. However, this year is the first time in a decade that the Sunshine State was spared from experiencing a single hurricane. Jessica Meszaros, a climate change reporter at WUSF, joins Kimberly to explain how Floridians are rebuilding a year after hurricanes Debby, Helene and Milton hit the state. Plus, we’ll play a round of Half Full/Half Empty!

Here’s what we talked about on the show today:

• “Florida and the U.S. were spared of hurricanes in 2025, but storms are still rapidly intensifying” from WUSF
• “Hurricane Helene Response” from US Army Corps of Engineers
• “Assessment of Agricultural Losses Resulting from Hurricane Milton” from University of Florida IFAS
• “Disaster and insurance costs are rising. The middle class is struggling to hang on” from NPR
• “Sorting trash can be dirty and dangerous. Sounds like a job for AI” from Marketplace
• “Disney comes to Sora: What you can and can't do with the characters” from Axios
• “How fruitcake became a Christmas classic (even if it’s unpopular)” from MSN
• “City life is reshaping raccoons – and may be nudging them toward domestication” from The Guardian

The Federal Reserve cut interest rates by a quarter of a percentage point Wednesday. And this decision comes as President Donald Trump continues to put pressure on the supposedly independent agency to move the economy the way he wants. Plus, the president is reportedly beginning final interviews for Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s potential successor.

Here’s everything we talked about today:

• “Fed lowers interest rates again amid debate over inflation, jobs” from The Washington Post
• “Trump to start final Fed chair interviews beginning with Kevin Warsh” from CNBC
• “What a Fed rate cut means for your home, car and credit card loans” from The Washington Post
• “Watch out for these refinancing red flags” from Marketplace Morning Report

Rare-earth elements help power our everyday electrical devices, and that’s because most batteries are made with minerals like lithium, nickel, cobalt and graphite. As of now, China has the largest reserve of these minerals. But some mining companies are eyeing the deep sea’s floor, says Marketplace contributor Dan Ackerman, because such rare earths form organically way down there. Plus, the ethical concerns that come with this deep-sea mining.

Here’s everything we talked about today:

• “Companies are betting on deep sea mining for critical minerals” from Marketplace Tech
• “New policies may part the waters for ocean mining” from Marketplace Morning Report
• “In the depths of the ocean, a new contest between the US and China emerges” from The Guardian
• “Trump’s New Executive Order Promotes Deep Sea Mining in US and International Waters While Bypassing International Law” from Inside Climate News

As another holiday season kicked off on Black Friday, finding the perfect gift is top of mind for many. But how much will weary American consumers be willing to spend this year? Based on early data … it’s a lot! Marketplace’s Kristin Schwab joins Kimberly to explain why the K-shaped economy may explain the contradiction and why AI is making its way into Americans’ shopping habits. Plus, we’ll play a round of Half Full/Half Empty!

Here’s what we talked about on the show today:

• ”September retail sales fail to impress” from Marketplace
• ”Black Friday, Cyber Monday spending expected to top records” from Marketplace
• ”Black Friday Sales Spike Despite Economic Uncertainty, Study Shows—Here’s Why” from Forbes
• “‘Tis the season for credit card debt” from Marketplace
• ”How are retailers benefiting from the "buy now, pay later" boom?” from Marketplace
• ”What is your Spotify listening age?” from Marketplace
• ”More than 8 in 10 Americans are more likely to purchase secondhand gifts this year” from Retail Brew
• ”Target Launches New AI-Powered Features to Make Holiday Shopping Easier, Smarter and More Fun” from PR Newswire

Missed Giving Tuesday? It's always a great time to become a Marketplace investor. Give now: https://support.marketplace.org/smart-sn

The average age of Congress' members has gotten older compared to the Americans it represents. This 119th Congress is the third oldest since 1789. On today’s show, Princeton economist Owen Zidar joins Kimberly to explain how decades of public policy have fueled a generational wealth gap and what our so-called gerontocracy has to do with it. Plus, what it would take for Congress to really address the economic issues younger Americans are facing.

Here’s everything we talked about today:

• ”It’s My Party and I’ll Leave When I Want To” from Intelligencer
• ”Gerontocracy is everywhere” from Slow Boring
• ”How baby boomers got so rich, and why their kids are unlikely to catch up” from The Washington Post
• ”The Age Divide: How America’s Electoral System Reinforces the Gerontocracy” from New America
• ”The Everywhere Millionaire” by Owen Zidar

We love hearing from you. Leave us a voicemail at 508-U-B-SMART or email makemesmart@marketplace.org.

If you could send a message to yourself, 20 years into the future, what would you say? On today’s show, Scientific American’s editor-in-chief David Ewalt joins Kimberly to share how he built an e-mail time capsule two decades ago and how human relationships kept the project alive despite the challenges of a rapidly changing technology and media landscape.

Here’s the article we talked about today:

• "How Forbes Sent E-mails to the Future—And What Happened 20 Years Later" from Scientific American

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