Takeda Shingen (武田信玄 / takeda shingen) and Uesugi Kenshin (上杉謙信 / uesugi kenshin) were destined rivals who clashed again and again — and yet respected each other deeply.

This is Episode 5 of our mini-series on Japanese history, made for JLPT N5–N3 learners. In about seven minutes, you'll meet the "Tiger of Kai" and the "Dragon of Echigo," follow their Battles of Kawanakajima (川中島の戦い) and the legend of their duel, and learn the meaning of Shingen's famous banner, Fūrinkazan (風林火山 / fuurinkazan) — "as fast as the wind, as quiet as a forest, as fierce as fire, and as still as a mountain."

You'll also pick up five useful everyday words: 宿命 (shukumei), 激しい (hageshii), 悲しむ (kanashimu), 認める (mitomeru), and 尊敬する (sonkei suru). In our "Japanese You Can Still Use Today" corner, we look at the idiom teki ni shio o okuru (敵に塩を送る), "to send salt to the enemy" — helping a rival in trouble, an attitude that reflects the spirit of bushidō (武士道 / bushidō / bushidou), the way of the samurai.

Next episode: Date Masamune (伊達政宗), the "one-eyed dragon," and Sanada Yukimura (真田幸村), called the greatest warrior in Japan.

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