ICU3 Acute Pain Management in Intensive Care
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ICU3 Acute Pain Management in Intensive Care
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This source provides an overview of acute pain management in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), emphasizing its complexity due to patient variability and the high costs of inadequate pain control, such as delirium and cardiac instability. It highlights the importance of validated assessment tools for pain, especially in non-verbal patients, and advocates for multimodal analgesia regimens to improve efficacy and reduce opioid reliance and associated side effects. The text then systematically details various pharmacological options, including opioids, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants, ketamine, and alpha-2 agonists, discussing their mechanisms, uses, and considerations. Finally, it explores nonpharmacologic modalities like regional anesthesia, music therapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, aromatherapy, and physical therapies, acknowledging their potential role while noting areas where more research is needed for critically ill populations.