What’s the real difference between an ILS, a VOR approach, and an RNP approach?

Why can a Category I ILS take you down to 200 feet, while other approaches require much higher minima?

In this episode of Handling the Virtual Jets, we break down instrument approaches from first principles -- looking at procedure design, obstacle clearance, lateral and vertical guidance, and how uncertainty determines approach minima.

We cover:

• How ILS localiser and glide slope beams provide precision guidance
• Why non-precision approaches like VOR and NDB require larger safety buffers
• The assumptions behind procedure design and obstacle clearance
• Why “moving the lever” is not the same as confirming aircraft configuration

If you’re flying on VATSIM, using Microsoft Flight Simulator, or training for more realistic airline-style operations, this episode will help you understand not just how to fly an approach — but why it works.

This week on Handling The Virtual Jets, we move beyond fuel planning and into fuel management -- what happens once you’re airborne and the numbers start changing.

We break down the three fuel figures every airline pilot lives by -- planned remaining fuel, total reserve and final reserve -- and what they really mean operationally. We look at how weight, altitude, wind and cost index affect burn, why your FMS predictions aren’t always the full story, and how to spot a trend before it becomes a problem.

We also walk through a real-world B787 case study involving holding, diversion approval, “minimum fuel,” a windshear go-around and a Mayday fuel declaration, and what it teaches about staying ahead of the aircraft.

How much fuel should you really be loading in the sim?

This week we’re talking about fuel planning -- not just the numbers, but the judgement behind them. Why do airlines carry extra fuel? What does “statistical contingency" actually mean? And why doesn’t adding extra automatically make a flight safer?

We’ll look at how fuel buys you time, how weight affects performance, and why the real skill isn’t memorising the rules -- it’s making conscious, defensible decisions.

There’s also a quick reflection on a recent runway/taxiway incident and what it reminds us about how confident, experienced pilots can still find themselves in the wrong place.

If you’ve ever ticked “unlimited fuel,” added five tonnes “just in case,” or wondered whether SimBrief’s number is enough -- this episode’s for you.