This episode hosts Benjamin Neimark and Frederick Otu-Larbi to examine the environmental and climate consequences of modern warfare, with a particular focus on the ongoing conflict involving Iran and its rapidly escalating global impact. The conversation explores how conflict is generating emissions at unprecedented speed and scale, with millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide released in just weeks through fuel consumption, munitions, and the destruction of infrastructure. We discuss how the climate impact of war is measured in practice, breaking it down into pre-conflict preparation, active combat operations, and post-conflict reconstruction, and why these emissions remain largely absent from mainstream policy and security analysis.

The episode also considers the broader environmental implications of targeting energy infrastructure, including oil depots, refineries, and desalination plants, and how these attacks create complex spillovers such as air pollution, water contamination, and long-term ecological damage. A central theme is the disconnect between immediate, visible impacts of war, such as casualties and physical destruction, and the slower, less visible climate consequences that accumulate over time. We also explore how conflict reshapes global energy systems, drives supply chain disruption, and accelerates both fossil fuel dependence and, in some cases, the transition toward alternative energy sources.

Benjamin Neimark is a Reader at the School of Business and Management whose research focuses on the political ecology of global supply chains, resource extraction, and the environmental impacts of militarisation and conflict. Frederick Otu-Larbi is a researcher at the University of Energy and Natural Resources in Ghana, specialising in the quantification of emissions linked to warfare and reconstruction.

The International Risk Podcast brings you conversations with global experts, frontline practitioners, and senior decision-makers who are shaping how we understand and respond to international risk. From geopolitical instability and organised crime to cybersecurity threats and hybrid warfare, each episode explores the forces transforming our world and what smart leaders must do to navigate them. Whether you’re a board member, policymaker, or risk professional, The International Risk Podcast delivers actionable insights, sharp analysis, and real-world stories that matter.

The International Risk Podcast is sponsored by Conducttr, a realistic crisis exercise platform. Conducttr offers crisis exercising software for corporates, consultants, humanitarian, and defence & security clients. Visit Conducttr to learn more.

Dominic Bowen is the host of The International Risk Podcast and Europe’s leading expert on international risk and crisis management. As Head of Strategic Advisory and Partner at one of Europe’s leading risk management consulting firms, Dominic advises CEOs, boards, and senior executives across the continent on how to prepare for uncertainty and act with intent. He has spent decades working in war zones, advising multinational companies, and supporting Europe’s business leaders. Dominic is the go-to business advisor for leaders navigating risk, crisis, and strategy; trusted for his clarity, calmness under pressure, and ability to turn volatility into competitive advantage. Dominic equips today’s business leaders with the insight and confidence to lead through disruption and deliver sustained strategic advantage.

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