Kortney discusses the history of methylene blue.

Music:

Introduction music by Hits Lab

Show music by Shadows and Echoes

Transitions by Dragon Studio

Sound clips by Dragon Studio and Freesound Community

Outro music by Freesound Community

Closing Remarks music by HitsLab

Sources:

Calderón, M., Weitzel, T., Rodriguez, M. F., & Ciapponi, A. (2017). Methylene blue for treating malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(10), Article CD012837. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012837

Dalhoff, A. (2021). Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents—Still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore risks? Infection, 49(1), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01536-y

Drugs.com. (2026, May 8). Methylene blue side effects: Common, severe, long term. https://www.drugs.com/sfx/methylene-blue-side-effects.html

Goldman, L. (2025, April 24). What to know about methylene blue. Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/medications-and-treatments/what-to-know-about-methylene-blue

National Institutes of Health. (2025, July 22). Mitochondria and health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mitochondria-health

Watson, D. J., Laing, L., Petzer, J. P., Wong, H. N., Parkinson, C. J., Wiesner, L., & Haynes, R. K. (2024). Efficacies and ADME properties of redox active methylene blue and phenoxazine analogues for use in new antimalarial triple drug combinations with amino-artemisinins. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1308400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1308400

Zipfel, P. F., & Skerka, C. (2022). From magic bullets to modern therapeutics: Paul Ehrlich, the German immunobiologist and physician coined the term 'complement'. Molecular Immunology, 150, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.002