In this episode of INFLOW: Aquatic Animal Life Support Systems and Habitats, hosts Joe Arlotto and Dr. Jeff Keaffaber are joined by Andy Aiken, Director of Life Support Programs at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, for a practical, operations-first conversation on designing and running aquarium life support systems (LSS) that truly work in the real world.

Andy shares decades of hands-on experience managing complex aquatic systems and explains why successful LSS design must start with the operator's perspective. The discussion covers critical topics including denitrification strategies, ozone application, water quality management, redundancy, and long-term system reliability, with a strong focus on lessons learned from daily operations—not just drawings and specifications.

Listeners will learn:

• Why operator input is essential in LSS design and decision-making

• Practical approaches to denitrification and nutrient control

• How ozone is used safely and effectively in large aquarium systems

• Common gaps between design intent and operational reality

• How systems thinking improves animal welfare and facility performance

(2:31) Meet Andy Aiken

(5:59) Music detour

(9:22) Breaking into the National Aquarium

(10:14) Denitrification 101

(15:57) Reactor design deep dive

(22:50) Operational strategy & decision checklist

(26:09) Ditching Chlorine

(31:40) The "Aiken Sump" Explained

(38:27) Consulting Roles & the Power of Operator-Led Design Review

(44:35) Final Advice for New LSS Pros + Closing Thanks

Whether you're an LSS operator, engineer, designer, aquarist, or facility leader, this episode delivers actionable insight into building and maintaining life support systems that are resilient, maintainable, and animal-centered.