n this episode of Conversations That Matter, Jon Harris examines one of the most controversial questions surrounding Martin Luther: Did Luther’s writings inspire Adolf Hitler and the Holocaust?

Luther unquestionably wrote deeply troubling things about Jews later in his life, particularly in On the Jews and Their Lies. But the historical story is considerably more complicated than simply drawing a straight line from Luther to Hitler.

We look at Luther’s earlier writings and his efforts to evangelize Jews, the change in his views, the German Christian movement, the Volkish appropriation of Luther, Hitler’s actual references to Luther, and the ways Nazi Germany used Luther’s image.

The question is not whether Luther had serious faults. He did. The question is whether we should understand Luther as a spiritual ancestor of Nazism, or whether later movements distorted and selectively appropriated his legacy.

The episode ultimately argues for taking Luther’s entire theology and historical context seriously rather than allowing either his defenders or his critics to reduce him to a caricature.

00:00 Introduction: Did Luther Inspire Hitler?

04:50 Why the Luther-Hitler Connection Matters

06:17 How Luther’s Legacy Was Reinterpreted

10:29 Luther’s Early Views of Jews

14:14 Why Luther’s Views Changed

19:53 On the Jews and Their Lies

21:00 Luther, Conversion, and Medieval Christianity

31:59 How the Volkish Movement Appropriated Luther

34:25 What Did Hitler and the Nazis Actually Think of Luther?

59:31 The Historical Debate and Luther’s Legacy