In this installment of the Comparative Series, Hunter and Liddell break down the different type of Authoritarianism and how it has survived in the 21st century. They then transition into the complex literature on civil society and its effects on democracy. They then conclude with a discussion on democratic backsliding.

(0:45) Defining Authoritarianism

(3:50) Types of Autocracies

(10:00) Competitive Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism

(29:45) Bernstein on Russia and China

(40:00) Civil Society

(43:00) Putnam's civil society to save democracy.

(46:00) Berman and the fall of Weimar.

(58:30) Democratic Backsliding.

Arendt, H. 1973. The origins of totalitarianism. Harvest Book.

Thomas P. Bernstein, 2013. “Resilience and Collapse in China and the Soviet Union.” In Why Communism Did Not Collapse: Understanding Authoritarian Regime Resilience in Asia and Europe

Sheri Berman, 1997. “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic"

Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, 2002. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism"

Capoccia, G., 2005. Defending democracy: Reactions to extremism in interwar EuropeSkocpol, T. (1979). States and social revolutions: A comparative analysis of France, Russia and China.Mutz, D.C., 2006. Hearing the other side: Deliberative versus participatory democracy.